Thermal explosion and runaway reaction simulation of lauroyl peroxide by DSC tests

You, Mei-Li; Li, Mingyang; Chi, Jen‐Hao; Shu, Chi‐Min

doi:10.1007/s10973-009-0025-4

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Therefore, using the slope of the line and Eq. (1), the E a of the sample can be determined (Kissinger, 1957;Soliman, 2007;Chou et al, 2008;You et al, 2009).…”

Section: Kissinger's Corrected Kinetic Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes by Kissinger’s Corrected Kinetic Equation

Hsieh

Chou

Lin

et al. 2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been a popular material in recent years, but their thermal characteristics have not been understood completely. We investigated the unique thermal stability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and used nitric acid (HNO 3 ) to purify MWCNTs to promote its activation energy (E a ). The study used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to analyze as-grown MWCNTs and modified MWCNTs. For DSC, the heating rate was chosen to be 0.25 to 2.0 °C/min. From DSC results, E a and exothermic onset temperature (T 0 ) of the modified MWCNTs increased with increasing HNO 3 concentration. The TGA results showed that both as-grown and modified MWCNTs' decomposition temperatures were higher than 500°C in air. The infrared spectra of as-grown MWCNTs and modified MWCNTs have shown that the gas phase composition is CO 2 after TGA linked with FTIR. By Kissinger's corrected kinetic equation, E a increased with increasing HNO 3 concentration. Through this study, we realized that as-grown MWCNTs and modified MWCNTs are thermally hazardous materials with high potential heat of decomposition, especially under fire exposure. Thus, it is important to know the thermal hazard characteristics of material with a measure to prevent its thermal damage during perturbed situations.

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“…Therefore, using the slope of the line and Eq. (1), the E a of the sample can be determined (Kissinger, 1957;Soliman, 2007;Chou et al, 2008;You et al, 2009).…”

Section: Kissinger's Corrected Kinetic Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes by Kissinger’s Corrected Kinetic Equation

Hsieh

Chou

Lin

et al. 2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Dynamic scanning experiments were performed on a Mettler TA8000 system coupled with a DSC 821 e measuring test crucible that could withstand a relatively high pressure of approximately 1.0 9 10 7 Pa [17][18][19][20]. To maintain an acceptable thermal equilibrium, the test cell was fastened using a unique kit, and then, dynamic scanning was performed by initiating the programmed setting.…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To maintain an acceptable thermal equilibrium, the test cell was fastened using a unique kit, and then, dynamic scanning was performed by initiating the programmed setting. The heating rate (b) selected for the temperature-programmed ramp was 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0°C min -1 [17,21]. The range of rising temperatures chosen was 30-300°C [1,22].…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of thermal hazard for TBPTMH mixed with BPO through DSC and isoconversional kinetics analysis

Chen

Shu

2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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tert-Butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate (TBPTMH), generally used as an initiator, can replace tertbutyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) in polymerization processes. The thermal behavior of TBPTMH added to this reaction was analyzed. Furthermore, we compared the influence on thermal hazards with TBPB and benzoyl peroxide. Through differential scanning calorimetry and isoconversional kinetics analysis, thermokinetic parameters and simulation results, including apparent activation energy (E a ), time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions (TMR ad ), and selfaccelerating decomposition temperature (SADT), can be used to identify a safer handling environment when TBPTMH is mixed with tert-butyl peroxide. According to DSC thermal curves, the apparent exothermic onset temperature of TBPTMH was from 100 to 124°C, and the heat of decomposition of TBPTMH was from 748.81 to 950.48 J g -1 . E a values as calculated using three methods (Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Friedman, and ASTM E698) were 122.4, 122.7, and 122.0 kJ mol -1 , respectively. From the point of view of thermal loss prevention, TMR ad and SADT are two crucial safety parameters, which were obtained as 61.3°C under 24 h and 55.0°C, respectively.Keywords Apparent activation energy (E a ) Á Selfaccelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) Á Time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions (TMR ad ) Á Thermal hazard Á Thermokinetic parameter List of symbols APre-exponential factors (s -1 ) C p Heat capacity (J g K -1 ) D Activation energy correction coefficient (dimensionless) E a Apparent activation energy (kJ mol -1 ) DH d Heat of decomposition (J g -1 ) kReaction rate constant (min -1 ) nReaction order (dimensionless) n i Reaction order of ith stage (dimensionless) R Universal gas constant (8.314 J mol -1 K -1 ) SADT Self-accelerating decomposition temperature (°C) T Absolute temperature (K) T max Maximum temperature of reaction (K) TMR ad Time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions (h) T 0 Apparent exothermic onset temperature of reaction (K) t Time (s) aDegree of conversion (dimensionless) bHeating rate (°C min -1 ) q Density (kg m -3 ) kThermal conductivity (W m K -1 ) DH d Heat of decomposition (J g -1 ) DT ad Adiabatic temperature rise (°C)

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“…Dynamic scanning experiments were performed on a Mettler TA8000 system coupled with a DSC 821 e measuring test crucible (Mettler ME-26732) (Mettler-Toledo International Inc., Columbus, OH, USA). The test cell was sealed manually by using a kit equipped with Mettler's differential scanning calorimetry [16,17]. The scanning rate selected for the temperature-programmed ramp was 4.0˝C/min, and the range of temperature rise was from 30.0 to 300.0˝C for tests.…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Hazard Evaluation of Cumene Hydroperoxide-Metal Ion Mixture Using DSC, TAM III, and GC/MS

You

2016

Molecules

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Cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) is widely used in chemical processes, mainly as an initiator for the polymerization of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. It is a typical organic peroxide and an explosive substance. It is susceptible to thermal decomposition and is readily affected by contamination; moreover, it has high thermal sensitivity. The reactor tank, transit storage vessel, and pipeline used for manufacturing and transporting this substance are made of metal. Metal containers used in chemical processes can be damaged through aging, wear, erosion, and corrosion; furthermore, the containers might release metal ions. In a metal pipeline, CHP may cause incompatibility reactions because of catalyzed exothermic reactions. This paper discusses and elucidates the potential thermal hazard of a mixture of CHP and an incompatible material's metal ions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal activity monitor III (TAM III) were employed to preliminarily explore and narrate the thermal hazard at the constant temperature environment. The substance was diluted and analyzed by using a gas chromatography spectrometer (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) to determine the effect of thermal cracking and metal ions of CHP. The thermokinetic parameter values obtained from the experiments are discussed; the results can be used for designing an inherently safer process. As a result, the paper finds that the most hazards are in the reaction of CHP with Fe 2+ . When the metal release is exothermic in advance, the system temperature increases, even leading to uncontrollable levels, and the process may slip out of control.

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Thermal explosion and runaway reaction simulation of lauroyl peroxide by DSC tests

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

Thermal Analysis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes by Kissinger’s Corrected Kinetic Equation

Thermal Analysis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes by Kissinger’s Corrected Kinetic Equation

Prediction of thermal hazard for TBPTMH mixed with BPO through DSC and isoconversional kinetics analysis

Thermal Hazard Evaluation of Cumene Hydroperoxide-Metal Ion Mixture Using DSC, TAM III, and GC/MS

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