Thermal Fatigue Characteristics of Type 309 Austenitic Stainless Steel for Automotive Manifolds

Zhan, Jianming; Li, Moucheng; Huang, Junxia; Bi, Hongyun; Li, Qian; Gu, Hui

doi:10.3390/met9020129

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As a rule, it is a long-term process. Slow cyclic heating and cooling of elements, which causes their deformation, consequently causes also their damage [1][2][3][4]. A similar phenomenon, but proceeding at much higher rates of heating or cooling processes, and sometimes lacking the cyclical character, is called the thermal shock [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Foundry Engineering

Jakubus,

Soiński

2020

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The study presents a concept of generation of micro-cracks (or cracks) in metal specimens in order to assess their material with respect to the thermal shock resistance. Both the method of conducting the experiment and the criteria of the assessment of the material resistance to the rapid temperature changes are discussed. The schematic diagram of the research stand used for repeated heating and rapid cooling of specimens, constructed in the Foundry Institute of the Częstochowa University of Technology, is presented. The proposed solution enables to maintain constant conditions of the experiment. The tests were held for flat specimens 70 mm long, 20 mm wide, and 5 mm thick, tapered over a distance of 15 mm towards both ends. The specimens were induction heated up to the specified temperature and then, in response to the signal produced by a pyrometer, dipped in the tank containing the cooling medium. The thermal shock resistance of the material can be assessed on the basis of either the total length of the micro-cracks arisen at the tapered parts of a specimen after a specified number of heating-and-cooling cycles, or the number of such cycles prior to the total damage of a specimen, or else the number of thermal cycles prior to generation of the first crack. The study includes an exemplary view of the metal specimen after the thermal shock resistance tests, as well as the illustrative microstructure of the vermicular cast iron which reveals a crack propagating from the edge towards the core of the material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Foundry Engineering

Jakubus,

Soiński

2020

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“…Although tough, these components undergo complex thermo-mechanical cycles during plant operations [7]. Varying temperatures in piping systems due to thermal stratifications, turbulent mixing of the hot and cold fluid and vortex penetration in different regions of the system, such as mixing tees, joints, and valves [8], result in thermal fatigue of such components [9]. Austenitic stainless steel can be primarily affected by these thermal fluctuations because of their high thermal expansion coefficient and low fatigue endurance limit [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Effect of Thermal Fatigue on Multiple Cracks Propagating in an SS316L Thin Flange on a Shaft Specimen Using a Multi-Physics Numerical Simulation Model

Mukhtar

Qayyum

Elahi

et al. 2019

SV-JME

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After more than a decade of research on thermal fatigue cracking in nuclear reactor components, the science remains incomplete. It is essential to understand the crack propagation behaviour and the influence of multiple cracks on the fatigue life of a component due to thermal fatigue load. Accurate numerical simulation modelling can help in better understanding the influence of different factors on failure propagation. In this research, a finite element-based numerical simulation model has been developed using ABAQUS commercial software to obtain insight into crack propagation and crack arrest in an SS316L thin flange on shaft specimen; the assembly is cooled internally, and cyclic thermal loading is applied on the flange rim. The experiment was carried out on a specially designed rig using an induction coil for heating the outer rim. Thermocouples were attached radially on the rim to collect detailed temperature profiles. Real-time temperature-dependent elastic-plastic material data was used for modelling. The boundary conditions and thermal profile used for the numerical model were matched with experimental data. The stresses responsible for crack initiation, the effect of crack number and crack lengths on stresses, energy absorbed at the crack tip after every thermal cycle and the threshold values of cracks are evaluated in the current work. The obtained simulation results were validated by comparing experimental observations. The developed simulation model helps in better understanding the evolution of stresses and strains in uncracked and cracked SS316L discs mounted on a flange due to thermal cycling. It also helped in better understanding the crack propagation behaviour and the evolution of energy release at crack tips. Such a model can help future researchers in designing components undergoing thermal fatigue loading, for example, in nuclear power plants.

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Oxide Scale Formation of EN 1.4622 and EN 1.4828 Stainless Steels during Annealing and Descaling Behavior in Neutral Electrolytic Pickling

Airaksinen

Tuovinen

Vuolio

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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Because of their good corrosion and oxidation resistance, formability, and mechanical and physical properties, stainless steels are used in many applications. Examples of the most common usage applications include automotive and transportation, residential, chemical, and petroleum industries. [1] Austenitic stainless steel grades are widely used in high-temperature applications. However, nickel-free ferritic stainless steel has lower thermal expansion coefficient and is cheaper as a material. As such, it has been developed especially for applications with repeated thermal cycles such as automotive exhaust systems. [2][3][4][5] In the industrial manufacturing process, the annealing of cold-rolled stainless steel is performed by a continuous treatment line that has a high temperature, short annealing time, and an oxidizing atmosphere dependent on the fuel and oxidizer used. The annealing is followed by a pickling line. During annealing, an oxide scale layer is formed on the surface of the steel; the thickness and the composition of the oxide scale depend on the annealing conditions and the composition of the steel. [6,7] To restore the corrosion resistance properties of the stainless steel, both the formed oxide scale and the chromium depleted layer below it must be removed. This is usually conducted with sequential electrolytic and mixed acid pickling. [8] Thus, the aim of annealing is to produce the desired microstructure and mechanical properties for the steel [1] in such a way that the material losses are minimized during further processing while ascertaining a good pickling result. [8] This can be achieved by controlling the oxide layer formed on the stainless steel surface to be optimal in terms of thickness and pickling efficiency.In short-term oxidation studies of ferritic stainless steel, temperatures usually vary between 1000 and 1150 C, focusing mainly on nonstabilized AISI 430 and dual-stabilized AISI 441 steel grades. Saeki et al. [9] determined that the oxide scale composition of the AISI 430 stainless steel was (Fe,Cr) 2 O 3 after 3 min of oxidation at 1000 C. In addition, the spinel (Mn,Fe, Cr) 3 O 4 was detected for the same grade with 10 times higher Mn content than in their previous study. When a higher partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is used, the spinel oxide

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Thermal Fatigue Characteristics of Type 309 Austenitic Stainless Steel for Automotive Manifolds

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Archives of Foundry Engineering

Archives of Foundry Engineering

Studying the Effect of Thermal Fatigue on Multiple Cracks Propagating in an SS316L Thin Flange on a Shaft Specimen Using a Multi-Physics Numerical Simulation Model

Oxide Scale Formation of EN 1.4622 and EN 1.4828 Stainless Steels during Annealing and Descaling Behavior in Neutral Electrolytic Pickling

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