Thermal growth performance of juvenile brown trout<i>Salmo trutta</i>: no support for thermal adaptation hypotheses

Forseth, Torbjørn; Larsson, Sylvia H.; Jensen, Arne J.; Jönsson, Bror; Näslund, Ingemar; Berglund, I.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02119.x

Cited by 80 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Although temperature exerts pronounced effects on physical processes in poikilotherms (e.g., Wootton 1998), we found no implications suggesting that water temperature modified the effect of presence of Arctic char on brown trout food consumption. This corresponds to previous findings of only minor difference in thermal performance between Arctic char and brown trout (Larsson 2005;Forseth et al 2009;Elliott and Elliott 2010;Finstad et al 2011). Change in temperature per se is therefore not likely to alter the competitive outcome between Arctic char and brown trout directly through water temperature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Direct and indirect climatic drivers of biotic interactions: ice-cover and carbon runoff shaping Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus and brown trout Salmo trutta competitive asymmetries

et al. 2011

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One of the major challenges in ecological climate change impact science is to untangle the climatic effects on biological interactions and indirect cascading effects through different ecosystems. Here, we test for direct and indirect climatic drivers on competitive impact of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) on brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) along a climate gradient in central Scandinavia, spanning from coastal to high-alpine environments. As a measure of competitive impact, trout food consumption was measured using (137)Cs tracer methodology both during the ice-covered and ice-free periods, and contrasted between lakes with or without char coexistence along the climate gradient. Variation in food consumption between lakes was best described by a linear mixed effect model including a three-way interaction between the presence/absence of Arctic char, season and Secchi depth. The latter is proxy for terrestrial dissolved organic carbon run-off, strongly governed by climatic properties of the catchment. The presence of Arctic char had a negative impact on trout food consumption. However, this effect was stronger during ice-cover and in lakes receiving high carbon load from the catchment, whereas no effect of water temperature was evident. In conclusion, the length of the ice-covered period and the export of allochthonous material from the catchment are likely major, but contrasting, climatic drivers of the competitive interaction between two freshwater lake top predators. While future climatic scenarios predict shorter ice-cover duration, they also predict increased carbon run-off. The present study therefore emphasizes the complexity of cascading ecosystem effects in future effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Direct and indirect climatic drivers of biotic interactions: ice-cover and carbon runoff shaping Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus and brown trout Salmo trutta competitive asymmetries

et al. 2011

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“…However, this seems less likely as adaptations to different temperatures seem to be uncommon in several northern salmonid species (e.g. Larsson et al, 2005;Larsson & Berglund, 2006;Forseth et al, 2009). Unfortunately, we did not take blood samples during the initial period of the experiment when most of the problems related to negative SGR and high mortality occurred in the whitefish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Growth and mortality of Arctic charr and European whitefish reared at low temperatures

2010

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This comparative study explores how low temperatures affect the mortality and growth of first generation hatchery-reared progeny of subarctic populations of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) and European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.). Replicate fish groups where held under simulated natural light regimes (70°N) at three constant temperatures (1, 3 and 6°C). The mortality of Arctic charr was low (B1.4%) at all temperature treatments, whereas the mortality of whitefish increased with decreasing temperature from 6% at 6°C to 33% at 1°C. The Arctic charr exhibited higher growth rates than whitefish at all three temperature regimes. All groups of Arctic charr increased in weight, whereas whitefish held at 1°C did not gain weight throughout the experimental period of 133 days. Arctic charr exhibited a large intraspecific variability in growth leading to large variations in size-structure, whereas whitefish in contrast showed very homogenous growth and size-structure patterns; a dissimilarity probably related to species-specific differences in antagonistic behaviour. Evidently, Arctic charr are more cold water adapted than whitefish and are able to maintain growth at extremely low temperatures. Arctic charr thus appear to be the most suitable species for aquaculture at low water temperatures.

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“…Fish that died during the experiment (19 out of 480) were replaced by similarly sized fish to maintain densities at 10 fish per tank, but the replacement fish were not included in the results. The setup of the growth performance experiments followed a well-documented and standardized protocol (Jonsson et al 2001, Finstad et al 2004, Larsson et al 2005, Forseth et al 2009). Mean mass (± SD) of the fish at start of the first growth experiment run was 6.2 ± 1.2, 9.0 ± 1.4, and 12.1 ± 2.2 g for natural, mixed and heated incubation temperatures, respectively, and 9.4 ± 2.4, 11.6 ± 2.5, and 14.7 ± 3.1 g for the second.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of incubation temperature on growth performance in Atlantic salmon

Finstad¹,

Jönsson²

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Interspecific variations in thermal growth performance of ectotherms have received considerable recent interest fueled by the focus on ecological climate change effects. Amongpopulation variations in growth are commonly observed in field studies. However, the role of pheno typic plasticity in shaping this variation is largely unexplored in teleost fishes. Here, we tested for the effect of incubation temperature on thermal scaling of growth and maximum growth performance of the anadromous salmonid Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Salmon eggs were incubated and reared until the onset of exogenous feeding at either heated or natural temperatures or transferred from natural to heated temperatures at the time of hatching, creating 3 different embryonic temperature treatments (heated, natural or mixed). We subsequently tested for juvenile growth performance of these groups at 8 temperatures ranging from 6 to 24°C. Maximum growth was significantly higher in the heated than the natural and mixed incubation temperature groups, but we did not observe differences in the thermal scaling of growth performance. Neither the upper nor lower thermal limit for growth nor the optimal growth temperature differed be tween the 3 incubation temperature treatments. However, thermal conditions experienced by in cubating embryos affected later growth performance. Although similar results have been observed previously among reptiles, this is to our knowledge the first empirical support for this hypothesis among teleost fishes. Phenotypic plasticity in growth performance can likely explain many of the contrasting findings from previous research on countergradient growth effects in teleost fishes.

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Thermal growth performance of juvenile brown troutSalmo trutta: no support for thermal adaptation hypotheses

Cited by 80 publications

References 69 publications

Direct and indirect climatic drivers of biotic interactions: ice-cover and carbon runoff shaping Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus and brown trout Salmo trutta competitive asymmetries

Direct and indirect climatic drivers of biotic interactions: ice-cover and carbon runoff shaping Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus and brown trout Salmo trutta competitive asymmetries

Growth and mortality of Arctic charr and European whitefish reared at low temperatures

Effect of incubation temperature on growth performance in Atlantic salmon

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