Thermal management in radical induced cationic frontal polymerisation for optimised processing of fibre reinforced polymers

Staal, Jeroen; Smit, Edgar; Caglar, Baris; Michaud, Véronique

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2023.110009

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“… 36,37 Even though, recent works by Staal et al showed that the physical characteristics of the mould governs the successful propagation of the hot front. 1 However, we observed in our experiments that even pinacol-based thermal initiator cannot prevent foaming in cycloaliphatic epoxies when higher initiator concentrations are needed to speed up the front.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Radical induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP) has gained a lot of attention amongst researchers in the past few years, as a rapid curing substitute for various cyclic ether monomers. 1–7 The well-known cationic frontal polymerization involves generation of radicals and cations when diaryliodonium salts are photo or thermal cleaved, when subjected to ultraviolet light or heat. A strong Brønsted acid is produced that protonates cyclic ether monomers forming highly reactive cations that are able to react with adjacent cyclic ether groups forming polyether in a ring opening cationic polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Redox cationic frontal polymerization: a new strategy towards fast and efficient curing of defect-free fiber reinforced polymer composites

Malik,

Wolfahrt,

Schlögl

2023

RSC Adv.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox cationic frontal polymerization: a new strategy towards fast and efficient curing of defect-free fiber reinforced polymer composites

Malik,

Wolfahrt,

Schlögl

2023

RSC Adv.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Staal and co-workers thoroughly investigated how to extensively control the local heat balance in RICFP processes, trying to minimize the heat uptake of fiber loadings, which limits the manufacturing of composites with fiber volume fractions usually employed in industrial processes. 37 In particular, they demonstrated that it was possible to properly control the heat generation by changing the concentration of the initiator; further, using highly insulating mold elements accounted for decreased heat losses, hence improving the propagating front characteristics. Finally, by tuning the cycloaliphatic resin composition, it was feasible to manufacture carbon fiber-reinforced composites with fiber volume fractions as high as 45.8%.…”

Section: Some Recent Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal Polymerization for the Rapid Obtainment of Polymer Composites

Malucelli,

Mariani

2024

ACS Omega

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Among the different polymerization techniques, frontal polymerization (FP) has gained high interest from the scientific community because of its peculiar characteristics: in particular, compared to classic polymerization reactions, FP allows for a better exploitation of the heat of polymerization involved, without requiring any external energy input apart from an initial photo or thermal ignition that triggers the reaction. The latter usually propagates in a few tenths of seconds or (at most) minutes through a hot self-sustaining polymerization front, giving rise to the formation of fully cured thermosetting networks or thermoplastic polymers. Furthermore, different polymerization mechanisms can be involved in FP reactions, comprising cationic or anionic, ring-opening metathesis, and free-radical polymerization, among others. Further, it is possible to run FP reactions in bulk, in solution, or even using solid monomers if they are melted at the temperature of the front, notwithstanding the possibility of using reactive systems containing fillers or fiber/fabric reinforcements. In this context, the use of FP is becoming very important also for the design and production of advanced (nano)composite materials, saving processing time and achieving the completeness of the curing reaction, even in the presence of high filler/reinforcement loadings. Therefore, this mini-review aims to provide the reader with the basics of FP and its main peculiarities, even in the context of preparing highperforming composites. In this respect, some recent case studies witnessing the potentialities of frontal polymerization for the design of advanced (nano)composite systems will be elucidated. Finally, some perspectives about possible future developments will be proposed.

show abstract

Prospects in the application of a frontally curable epoxy resin for cured‐in‐place‐pipe rehabilitation

Malik,

Wolfahrt,

Domínguez Pardo

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Photocurable acrylates and vinyl esters are among the most commonly used resins in cured‐in‐place‐pipe (CIPP) rehabilitation technology, as they impart excellent thermomechanical properties in composite pipes. In the quest for achieving a higher energy efficiency of the photo‐curing process in CIPP, the frontal polymerization technique is a viable alternative that requires a lower irradiation dosage coupled with exceptionally high curing speeds and depths. Herein, for the first time, we report the application of frontal polymerization in the rehabilitation of underground pipes using a newly developed frontally curable epoxy‐based resin (Trelleborg Self‐Curing*). The neat resin is characterized for degree of cure, glass transition temperature, and mechanical properties via FTIR, DMA, and tensile tests, respectively. In a comprehensive way, the properties are benchmarked against commercially available acrylate (Trelleborg Light Cure*) and vinyl ester (Trelleborg Rapid Cure*) resins to evaluate their applicability for CIPP. The results show a higher glass transition temperature and final monomer conversion for the frontally cured resin, which cures significantly faster than the reference resins under the same irradiation conditions. In proof‐of‐concept trials, the newly developed resin successfully cures polymeric liners in a PVC host pipe with 100% water tightness and without losing its structural integrity. Results from ring stiffness tests for cured composite pipes additionally show that liners cured with Trelleborg Self‐Curing* resin pass the minimum required Young's modulus for non‐pressure drainage pipes as per ASTM F1216. Thus, frontally curable epoxy‐based resins are a promising and competitive alternative to acrylates and vinyl esters in CIPP.

show abstract

Thermal management in radical induced cationic frontal polymerisation for optimised processing of fibre reinforced polymers

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Redox cationic frontal polymerization: a new strategy towards fast and efficient curing of defect-free fiber reinforced polymer composites

Redox cationic frontal polymerization: a new strategy towards fast and efficient curing of defect-free fiber reinforced polymer composites

Frontal Polymerization for the Rapid Obtainment of Polymer Composites

Prospects in the application of a frontally curable epoxy resin for cured‐in‐place‐pipe rehabilitation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About