Thermal management of edge-cooled 1 kW portable proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Tolj, Ivan; Vukičević, Damir

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114038

Cited by 39 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In the aerospace field, there is an effort to extend the range of applications of air-cooled fuel cells [10,11] by accurately selecting the location of the fuel cell in the fuselage [12,13] and by adopting advanced cooling techniques [14][15][16]. Edge cooling can increase the stack power by more than 15% [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Approaches and Validation Issues for Open-Cathode Fuel Cell Systems in Manned and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Donateo

2024

Energies

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Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier in all fields of transportation, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and manned vehicles for urban air mobility (UAM). In these applications, one of the biggest challenges is to overcome the limitations of lithium battery technologies, while keeping the advantage of clean energy, at least in terms of direct emissions. For these reasons, there is an ever-increasing interest in the development, simulation, and testing of propulsion systems adopting air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Fuel cells for aerospace must be designed for power-to-weight maximization. For this reason, auxiliary systems are simplified, and the adoption of air-cooling and passive cooling techniques is favored. However, the performance and dynamic behavior of PEMFCs are affected by the operating conditions, which, in applications like UAVs and UAM, are continuously changing due to the variation of speed and altitude during the flight. This investigation analyzes semi-empirical and control-oriented models of fuel cell systems proposed in the scientific literature. The review addresses the whole fuel cell system, inclusive of the balance of the plant, and introduces the transition from dynamic models to digital twins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Approaches and Validation Issues for Open-Cathode Fuel Cell Systems in Manned and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Donateo

2024

Energies

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“…Passive cooling with a heat spreader and/or heat pipes is also explored on the medium scale (<10 kW) [14]. Edge-cooling and phase change cooling have been proposed for the control of temperature [25][26][27]. Edgecooling makes use of fins on the stack and can improve the maximum stack power by more than 15% [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Empirical Models for Stack and Balance of Plant in Closed-Cathode Fuel Cell Systems for Aviation

Donateo

2023

Energies

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in utilizing hydrogen as an energy carrier across various transportation sectors, including aerospace applications. This interest stems from its unique capability to yield energy without generating direct carbon dioxide emissions. The conversion process is particularly efficient when performed in a fuel cell system. In aerospace applications, two crucial factors come into play: power-to-weight ratio and the simplicity of the powerplant. In fact, the transient behavior and control of the fuel cell are complicated by the continuously changing values of load and altitude during the flight. To meet these criteria, air-cooled open-cathode Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells should be the preferred choice. However, they have limitations regarding the amount of thermal power they can dissipate. Moreover, the performances of fuel cell systems are significantly worsened at high altitude operating conditions because of the lower air density. Consequently, they find suitability primarily in applications such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Urban Air Mobility (UAM). In the case of ultralight and light aviation, liquid-cooled solutions with a separate circuit for compressed air supply are adopted. The goal of this investigation is to identify the correct simulation approach to predict the behavior of such systems under dynamic conditions, typical of their application in aerial vehicles. To this aim, a detailed review of the scientific literature has been performed, with specific reference to semi-empirical and control-oriented models of the whole fuel cell systems including not only the stack but also the complete balance of plant.

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“…[34][35][36] Additionally, another solution is designing and optimizing the structure of the cathode current collector plate. 37 For example, improvements in thermal conductivity and hydrophilicity, 38,39 as well as geometric parameters of the channels, including length, 40,41 width, 42,43 height 44,45 and ribchannel ratio. 46,47 While the solutions mentioned above have effectively improved the gas diffusion and water management capability of PEMFCs, there are three drawbacks in the current research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34–36 Additionally, another solution is designing and optimizing the structure of the cathode current collector plate. 37 For example, improvements in thermal conductivity and hydrophilicity, 38,39 as well as geometric parameters of the channels, including length, 40,41 width, 42,43 height 44,45 and rib-channel ratio. 46,47…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic integrated gas diffusion layer inspired by alveoli for enhanced air-breathing fuel cell performance and stability

Chai,

Ning,

Wen

et al. 2023

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Thermal management of edge-cooled 1 kW portable proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Cited by 39 publications

References 45 publications

Simulation Approaches and Validation Issues for Open-Cathode Fuel Cell Systems in Manned and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Simulation Approaches and Validation Issues for Open-Cathode Fuel Cell Systems in Manned and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Semi-Empirical Models for Stack and Balance of Plant in Closed-Cathode Fuel Cell Systems for Aviation

Biomimetic integrated gas diffusion layer inspired by alveoli for enhanced air-breathing fuel cell performance and stability

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Thermal management of edge-cooled 1 kW portable proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Cited by 39 publications

References 45 publications

Simulation Approaches and Validation Issues for Open-Cathode Fuel Cell Systems in Manned and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Simulation Approaches and Validation Issues for Open-Cathode Fuel Cell Systems in Manned and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Semi-Empirical Models for Stack and Balance of Plant in Closed-Cathode Fuel Cell Systems for Aviation

Biomimetic integrated gas diffusion layer inspired by alveoli for enhanced air-breathing fuel cell performance and stability

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Thermal management of edge-cooled 1 kW portable proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack