Thermal modeling for supporting firefighting and emergency response planning

Abstract

This literature review looks at the various types of approaches to industrial storage tank fires and evaluates how quantitative consequence analysis with thermal modeling may aid in the development of industrial site fire preplans and emergency response planning guidelines. Emergency response planners may employ the use of thermal contours on plot plans generated by available consequence modeling software. Such performance‐based approaches can effectively take into account the associated sociotechnical factors and site‐specific hazards. With these approaches, the planners can identify appropriate preventative actions and responses, such as the activation of cooling on adjacent equipment, as well as establishing safe approach/muster point distances from hazardous sources of thermal heat stress.

Modeling and risk analysis of large‐scale crude oil pool fire on an offshore facility

“…In Section 3.2, the distribution of the injury areas above 180°C has been elaborated for 18 scenarios. Another injury criteria based on the probability of injury or death, and the probabilities of having first‐degree burn, second‐degree burn, and death are calculated based on the TDU (D) using Equations and 3–28,32–34 . Exactly 50% fatality and 100% fatality are calculated and compared with the above injury criteria where the probit variable is adopted to transform the TDU to the probability of injury or death represented as .…”

“…Another injury criteria based on the probability of injury or death, and the probabilities of having first-degree burn, second-degree burn, and death are calculated based on the TDU (D) using Equations 8 and 9. [32][33][34] Exactly 50% fatality and 100% fatality are calculated and compared with the above injury criteria where the probit variable P r is adopted to transform the TDU to the probability of injury or death represented as P i . F k is correction factor and erf is the error function.…”