“…Kandis, Bergman and co-workers [6,7] used a constitutive relation based on experimental measurements to account for the density change caused by sintering in SLS, and compared their simulations on polymer powders with experimentally produced parts. Their work was extended to three-dimensional parts and two-component metal powders by Zhang and co-workers [8][9][10][11][12][13], taking into account fluid flow caused by capillary and gravity forces through Darcy's law [8] or through the NavierStokes equations [13], investigating the effect of the powder layer thickness [9] and of the substrate [12], studying partial shrinkage [11]. The group of Childs developed a finite-element model for SLS/SLM using a similar viscous sintering law as Kandis and Bergman [6] to study the behavior of amorphous polymer powders [14], crystalline and glassfilled crystalline polymer powders [15], and stainless and tool steel powders [16].…”