Thermal modelling and experimental assessment of the dependence of PV module temperature on wind velocity and direction, module orientation and inclination

Kaplani, Eleni; Kaplanis, Socrates

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2014.05.037

Cited by 173 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For instance, wind velocity is an important parameter because higher wind velocity has a stronger cooling effect on operating PV modules and thus increases the energy conversion efficiency [1]. In addition, the presence of accumulated dust is a significant factor because of its shading effect on the received solar radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally Investigating the Effect of Temperature Differences in the Particle Deposition Process on Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Modules

Jiang

2016

Sustainability

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This paper reports an experimental investigation of the dust particle deposition process on solar photovoltaic (PV) modules with different surface temperatures by a heating plate to illustrate the effect of the temperature difference (thermophoresis) between the module surface and the surrounding air on the dust accumulation process under different operating temperatures. In general, if the temperature of PV modules is increased, the energy conversion efficiency of the modules is decreased. However, in this study, it is firstly found that higher PV module surface temperature differences result in a higher energy output compared with those modules with lower temperature differences because of a reduced accumulation of dust particles. The measured deposition densities of dust particles were found to range from 0.54 g/m 2 to 0.85 g/m 2 under the range of experimental conditions and the output power ratios were found to increase from 0.861 to 0.965 with the increase in the temperature difference from 0 to 50 • C. The PV module with a higher temperature difference experiences a lower dust density because of the effect of the thermophoresis force arising from the temperature gradient between the module surface and its surrounding air. In addition, dust particles have a significant impact on the short circuit current, as well as the output power. However, the influence of particles on open circuit voltage can be negligible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally Investigating the Effect of Temperature Differences in the Particle Deposition Process on Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Modules

Jiang

2016

Sustainability

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“…The variation of h rad caused by the increase of the emissivity of the module from 0.8 to 0.9 [34] induces a variation of R eff below 10 %. This variation has the same impact on the thermal energy balance that a similar variation of h conv which has been analyzed in Figures 14 and 19 on the non-encapsulated cell.…”

Section: Thermal Impact Of the Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and color management of silicon solar cells for building integrated photovoltaic

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Color management of integrated photovoltaics must meet two criteria of performance: provide maximum conversion efficiency and allow getting the chosen colors with an appropriate brightness, more particularly when using side by side solar cells of different colors. As the cooling conditions are not necessarily optimal, we need to take into account the influence of the heat transfer and temperature. In this article, we focus on the color space and brightness achieved by varying the antireflective properties of flat silicon solar cells. We demonstrate that taking into account the thermal effects allows freely choosing the color and adapting the brightness with a small impact on the conversion efficiency, except for dark blue solar cells. This behavior is especially true when heat exchange by convection is low. Our optical simulations show that the perceived color, for single layer ARC, is not varying with the position of the observer, whatever the chosen color. The use of a double layer ARC adds flexibility to tune the wanted color since the color space is greatly increased in the green and yellow directions. Last, choosing the accurate material allows both bright colors and high conversion efficiency at the same time.

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“…The Sartori equation [4] [7] [8] [15] is the only one that takes into account the environmental factors that influence evaporation, and it also showed to be very accurate and the most accurate equation in comparison to experimental data and to lots of empirical formulas [4] [7], and then it is used here for this demonstration. This Sartori equation, among other things, is based on the boundary layer theory in the same way as the Sartori equation [6] is for the convection coefficient, which one also proved to be the most accurate in comparison to lots of empirical expressions (obtained from specific experiments and corresponding methods) carried out by the excellent work [16] and by [6] [17]:…”

Section: The Physical and Mathematical Demonstrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Changes: How the Atmosphere Really Works

Sartori¹

2015

OJAppS

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Top concepts adopted by the current science on climate changes or atmospheric warming are not in agreement with the first principles of the physics. This paper presents a new understanding on the atmospheric behaviors. For example, the radiation is not the only factor that influences the air temperature, as the law of conservation of energy defines and as shown physically and mathematically in this article. The Sun is not the only heat source for the atmosphere because there is generation of heat at the Earth's surface by human activities. It is also shown that the water vapor is not a null effect and that the water vapor cannot be removed from the atmosphere for air temperature, greenhouse effect and climate changes considerations, in contrast to the current literature beliefs. The "feedback" concept is unfounded and invalid. The literature also says that "water vapor increases as the Earth's atmosphere warms", but this is also incorrect. The above equivocated understanding is accompanied by another one which believes that more water evaporates if the air temperature increases, but it is not in this way. These demonstrations and other authors' surveys showing that in the last decades the planet became wetter eliminate the literature concept that the water vapor does not have influence on the atmospheric warming/cooling. The conventional water cycle is related to the mass of water (mass of evaporation  mass of precipitation) and then the physical and mathematical principles of the new hydrological cycle that includes the direct human influence are shown. The same is done for the carbon cycle. It is solved the problem on why the wind speed on Venus is very high above the cloud deck while it is stagnant below it, being this the same physical principle valid for the Earth's cloud cover. In the atmosphere, all the corresponding principles are the same, only their amounts change. It is demonstrated that the CO2 is not decisive for building and changing the temperatures of Venus, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter and Earth. Ice cores are not valid for "determining" "past" temperatures of the planet, because the mass of their air bubbles may be old, but the corresponding temperatures are not.

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Thermal modelling and experimental assessment of the dependence of PV module temperature on wind velocity and direction, module orientation and inclination

Cited by 173 publications

References 26 publications

Experimentally Investigating the Effect of Temperature Differences in the Particle Deposition Process on Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Modules

Experimentally Investigating the Effect of Temperature Differences in the Particle Deposition Process on Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Modules

Temperature and color management of silicon solar cells for building integrated photovoltaic

Climate Changes: How the Atmosphere Really Works

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