Thermal optimization of composite phase change material/expanded graphite for Li-ion battery thermal management

Jiang, Guiwen; Huang, Juhua; Fu, Yanshu; Cao, Ming; Liu, Mingchun

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.07.197

Cited by 247 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…First, there have been a few comparative studies on BTMS with copper foam and EG‐based CPCMs, it is unclear which of the CPCMs are better. Second, many published numerical studies considered heat generation of the Li‐ion battery as a constant value, which is not the case in practical applications . In this article, the real time heat generation of battery has been measured with a simple and accurate method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, many published numerical studies considered heat generation of the Li-ion battery as a constant value, which is not the case in practical applications. [19][20][21] In this article, the real time heat generation of battery has been measured with a simple and accurate method. Third, little work has been done on the use of dimensional analysis on the data, which is important to obtain more generic (empirical) relationships for applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of a liquid cooling‐based battery thermal management system with a composite phase change material

Zhao

Zou

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary This article reports a recent study on a liquid cooling‐based battery thermal management system (BTMS) with a composite phase change material (CPCM). Both copper foam and expanded graphite were considered as the structural materials for the CPCM. The thermal behaviour of a lithium‐ion battery was experimental investigated first under different charge/discharge rates. A two‐dimensional model was then developed to examine the performance of the BTMS. For the copper foam‐based CPCM modelling, an enthalpy‐porosity approach was applied. The numerical modelling aimed to study the impacts of CPCM types and inlet velocity of heat transfer fluid on both the maximum battery temperature and temperature distribution under different current rates. Dimensional analyses of the results were performed, leading to the establishment of relationships of the Nusselt numbers and dimensionless temperature against the Fourier and Stefan numbers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a liquid cooling‐based battery thermal management system with a composite phase change material

Zhao

Zou

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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“…In practices, this strategy has several limitations. For examples, it was found that at least 30 wt.% EG is required to maintain the leakage at a low level, which substantially reduces the latent heat of the PCM cooling system . Also, the manufacture and the potential fracture of the PCM composite could increase the initial and maintenance costs on the BTM system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For examples, it was found that at least 30 wt.% EG is required to maintain the leakage at a low level, which substantially reduces the latent heat of the PCM cooling system. 26,27 Also, the manufacture and the potential fracture of the PCM composite could increase the initial and maintenance costs on the BTM system. Recently, the external PCM cooling system was also integrated with active cooling systems such as air cooling and liquid cooling to further enhance the cooling capability and the long-term performance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Performance assessment of a passive core cooling design for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries

Zhao

Liu

2018

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Battery thermal management (BTM) system is an indispensable component for large‐sized lithium‐ion battery packs used in aerospace and automotive applications. Besides providing a proper temperature range for batteries to operate, thus improving their efficiency, lifespan, and safety, the BTM system also needs to be well designed with considering the cost, weight, and practicability. In this paper, an internal passive BTM system is proposed for the cylindrical Li‐ion batteries. The design embeds a phase change material (PCM) filled mandrel inside the battery to achieve the cooling effect. A thermal test cell is first fabricated and tested in a wind tunnel under different cooling scenarios, and it is also used to verify a numerical thermal model. The proposed BTM system is further examined through the model and found to be able to create a preferable environment for batteries to operate. Specifically, the core BTM system consumes less PCM and achieves lower temperature rises and more uniform temperature distributions than an external BTM system. The proposed design can also exert its full latent heat to manage the heat generated from the battery without having a thermally conductive matrix, which is usually composite with PCM in external BTM systems. In addition, experiments show that the battery equipped with the proposed BTM system is ready for intensive cycling tests.

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“…In practice, this strategy has several limitations. For examples, it was found that at least 30 wt.% EG is required to maintain leakage at a low level, which substantially reduces the latent heat of the PCM cooling system [26,27]. Also, the manufacturing process and the potential fracture of the PCM composite could increase initial and maintenance costs of the BTM system.…”

Section: Overview and Related Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overheating Prediction and Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Zhao¹

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Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have been widely used in portable devices and electric vehicles as power sources due to their high energy density, long lifespan, no memory effect, and low self-discharge rate. However, when overheating occurs, the performance, reliability, durability, and safety of Li-ion batteries can be seriously deteriorated.Overheating of Li-ion batteries typically takes place during normal high-rate discharges and abnormal discharges such as short circuits. For high-rate discharges, the parasitic heat generation of Li-ion batteries can accelerate the capacity fading. In abnormal discharges, the overheating issue becomes more severe, and the battery temperature could even reach the threshold for exothermic reactions and trigger thermal runaway.In this thesis, phase change material (PCM)-based and heat pipe-based battery thermal management (BTM) systems were designed to dissipate the heat generated by cylindrical and prismatic batteries respectively during normal discharges. The proposed PCM-based BTM system was developed through innovatively embedding PCM cores in the cylindrical battery centers. Compared to conventional PCM-based BTM systems using PCM externally to batteries, the proposed design consumes less PCM while achieves better cooling effects. For prismatic batteries, ultra-thin heat pipes were sandwiched between the batteries to manage their temperature rises. The implementation of heat pipes notably alleviates the heat accumulation in battery packs, and the cooling performance can be further enhanced when an evaporative cooling strategy is applied to dissipate the heat.Regarding the more severe overheating issues caused by abnormal discharges, internal and external short circuit experiments were performed on Li-ion batteries, and a modified electrochemical-thermal coupling model was developed to simulate the short circuits. Good correlations were found between experimental and numerical results for non-thermal runaway batteries. For batteries with thermal runaways, the model can predict whether and when the thermal runaway will occur. Besides, strategies that can hinder thermal runaway and its propagation in battery packs were also investigated and verified through experiments.iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisors, Dr. LIU Jie and GU Junjie, for their enthusiastic supervision and patient guidance. This work could not have been accomplished without their knowledge, support, and encouragement.I would like to express my great appreciation to my PhD committee members, Dr.

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Thermal optimization of composite phase change material/expanded graphite for Li-ion battery thermal management

Cited by 247 publications

References 25 publications

Performance of a liquid cooling‐based battery thermal management system with a composite phase change material

Performance of a liquid cooling‐based battery thermal management system with a composite phase change material

Performance assessment of a passive core cooling design for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries

Overheating Prediction and Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries

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