Thermal Patches: Ultrastretchable and Flexible Copper Interconnect‐Based Smart Patch for Adaptive Thermotherapy (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 5/2015)

Hussain, Aftab M.; Lizardo, Ernesto Byas; Sevilla, Galo A. Torres; Nassar, Joanna M.; Hussain, Muhammad Mustafa

doi:10.1002/adhm.201570030

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Because of many well-known coupling effects, such as for example piezoresistivity or piezocapacity, the output electrical signal does not only depend on the original quantity to be measured, but also on the deformation of the substrate. This effect is commonly resolved using certain structural designs, including waves/wrinkles, [114][115][116][117][118][119] serpentine designs, [120][121][122][123][124] 2D spirals, [125][126][127][128] arc-shaped bridges, [129][130][131] noncoplanar serpentines, [132,133] helices, [134,[135][136][137] origami, [129,138,139] and kirigami. [140][141][142] However, such structural designs increase the complexity of fabrication, which has a visible impact on sensor reliability and cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Strategies for Strain‐Insensitive Wearable Healthcare Sensors and Perspective Based on the Seebeck Coefficient

Xin

Zhou

Nesser

et al. 2022

Adv Elect Materials

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The limited effectiveness of medical examinations has triggered the demand for 24-h monitoring technology. Wearable healthcare sensors are a promising option because they are small, light, wireless, and biocompatible with the human body. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Moreover, as they can potentially be organized in clouds, they can easily be combined with artificial intelligence (AI) to realize inexpensive intelligent systems for disease diagnosis and prevention. [16,17] Figure 1 shows that wearable healthcare sensors are classified in two categories: physical and chemical. Physical sensors include strain, temperature, touch and tactile, and pressure sensors. Wearable strain sensors are primarily used to monitor motion, breathing frequency, and pulse. [34] They should be able to sustain large deformation to accommodate the substrate, while at the same time they should have a high gauge factor to ensure highprecision recognition of small strains. Temperature sensors can both monitor the body temperatures of people with fever and monitor anesthetized people, predict ovulation times, and evaluate wound/postoperative recovery. [35,36] Touch and tactile sensors are then used as an artificial skin to help disabled persons with tactile sensations. [37][38][39][40][41] Wearable pressure sensors are extensively used in professional sports to enhance athletic ability and monitor health. [42][43][44] In the healthcare, pressure sensors detect small perpendicular deformations triggered by pulse and voice. [45][46][47] Physical sensors can be combined with prostheses to achieve multiple functions and help disabled people with missing limbs.Chemical sensors are used for health monitoring and detecting important organic-inorganic molecules serving as potential disease indicators. The human body performs multiple functions via biochemical reactions based on inorganic and organic materials. The concentration stability of organicinorganic molecules, such as bacteria, viruses, and uric acid, is important for health. [48][49][50] For example, a reduction in skin hydration level can lead to eczema, acne, itching, and even cracking of the stratum corneum, which makes people suffer and look older. [51] Chemical sensors can be used to monitor health by detecting important organic or inorganic molecules and their reactions. Existing chemical sensors detect potential disease based on certain indicators, such as humidity, [23,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58] hydration, [59][60][61][62][63] transcutaneous oxygen, [7,[64][65][66][67][68] vitamin A/B/C/D, [3,4,[69][70][71][72][73] hydrogen peroxide, [74][75][76][77][78] arrhythmia, [1,2] Large healthcare markets have been created in highly developed economies to improve the quality of life. Wearable healthcare sensors are attracting considerable interest because of their 24 h real-time monitoring capability, which make them useful in the detection of potential diseases. To guide the diagnosis, these sensors are designed to monitor various physical (e.g., pressure, temperature, strain, touch, bi...

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