Thermal Performance of Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Flow over an Inclined Magnetic Surface with Solar Radiative Heat Flux

Abstract

This study examines the thermal mechanism of magneto-radiated hybrid nanofluids, composed of aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃), iron (II, III) oxide (Fe₃O₄), and copper II oxide (CuO) suspended in blood, with an emphasis on their application in biomedical engineering, The study makes use of a three-dimensional surface model to analyze the heat transfer characteristics and thermal behavior of ternary hybrid nanofluid under inclined magnetic fields and radiative heat conditions. The incorporation of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles enhanced the thermal conductivity of the medium and responsiveness to magnetic fields, while Al₂O₃ and CuO nanoparticles improved overall stability and heat capacity. To evaluate the effectiveness of these ternary hybrid nanofluids for targeted thermal therapies and diagnostic procedures, the study uses homotopy analysis techniques to simulate the interactions between the nanoparticles and blood. The results show that these nanofluids have the potential to optimize thermal management in biomedical applications and provide knowledge about their benefits and performance.