Thermal performance of U‐shaped serpentine microchannel heat sink using various metal oxide nanofluids

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the thermal performance and friction factor characteristics of the U‐shaped serpentine microchannel heat sink using three different nanofluids. Two distinct nanoparticles, namely Al2O3 (alumina) and CuO (copper oxide), were used for the preparation of nanofluids using water and ethylene glycol (EG) as base fluids. Three nanofluids, namely nanofluid I (Al2O3 + water), nanofluid II (CuO + water), and nanofluid III (CuO + EG), have been prepared. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids was increased for all concentrations (from 0.01 to 0.3%), compared with base fluids. The theoretical values derived from the relationship between the Darcy friction factor showed a clear understanding of the fully developed laminar flow. Thermal resistance for nanofluid III was lower than other nanofluids, resulting in a higher cooling efficiency. The nanofluid mechanism and the geometry of the U‐shaped serpentine heat sink have led to the improvement in the thermal performance of electronic cooling systems.

Critical Review on Effects of Alcohols and Nanoadditives on Performance and Emission in Low-Temperature Combustion Engines: Advances and Perspectives

“…Noctanol has been discovered to have improved fuel characteristics for CI engines when compared to ethanol and butanol. The CN for n-octanol is 39, which is significantly higher than the CN for n-butanol (17) and ethanol (11) but slightly lower than the CN for diesel fuel (45−50). The increased heating value of noctanol (LHV = 37.5−38.4 MJ/kg vs ethanol (21.4−26.9 MJ/ kg) and butanol (26.9−36.0 MJ/kg) for CI engines is another key property.…”

“…Furthermore, while the alcohol-diesel mixes greatly lower smoke and particulate emissions, the effects of other gases are affected by a range of parameters, including engine supply systems, exhaust control measures, and engine test processes. − The automobile sector is confronted with significant problems, including the need for better engines, drive train electrification, and the substitution of fossil fuels with alternatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, fuel and engine technologies have a twin challenge in lowering fuel usage and greenhouse gas emissions. − In this situation, novel concepts and efficient combustion procedures are increasingly relevant, such as enhanced spray atomization, A/F mixing, lower local equivalence ratios, lower peak temperature inside the combustion cylinder, and higher combustion rates. Alcohol fuels have been determined to be a promising alternative to fossil fuels with fewer emissions when modern combustion technologies are applied. − Figure shows the production techniques for various alcohols.…”

Effect of Cerium oxide nanoparticles derived from biosynthesis of Azadirachta indica on stability and performance of a research CI engine powered by Diesel-Lemongrass oil blends

“…Various methods are proposed to analyse the stability of nanoparticles in the samples, including sedimentation, centrifugation, zeta potential and spectral absorbency techniques. 30 Here, the sedimentation technique was applied to study the stability of the prepared fuel blends.…”

Heat transfer enhancement for corrugated facing step channels using aluminium nitride nanofluid - numerical investigation

“…It improves heat transfer characteristics with slight pressure drop. Sivakumar et al [9] investigated the use of various metal oxide nanofluids Al 2 O 3 + water, CuO + water, and CuO + EG in U-shaped serpentine microchannel heat sink. The founding showed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids was increased for all concentrations (from 0.01 to 0.3% volume), compared with base fluids.…”