Thermal polymerization of aromatic hydrocarbons

Lewis, I.C.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(80)90060-3

Cited by 117 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thermal cracking of model compounds confirm that volatility of the fragments is a major influence in carbon residue formation. Indeed, the formation of a coke-like substance during thermal decomposition of aromatic compounds and related heterocyclic compounds are dependent upon the structure, and hence the volatility, of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon but more specifically on: -the degree of polynuclear condensation in petroleum; -the average number of alkyl groups on the polynuclear aromatic systems; -the occurrence of heteroatoms in the ring; -the type of heteroatom (Madison and Roberts, 1958;Lewis and Edstrom, 1963;Singer, 1964, 1967;Lewis, 1980Lewis, , 1982. Nitrogen species also appear to contribute to the pattern of the thermal cracking.…”

Section: Thermal Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst this concept is acceptable for pure aromatic hydrocarbons (Lewis, 1980(Lewis, , 1982, the formation of coke by thermal cracking the constituents of petroleum asphaltene constituents requires a modification of this concept. Indeed, present evidence (Wiehe, 1992(Wiehe, , 1993Speight, 1994Speight, , 1999 shows that the reaction pathway of the asphaltene constituents to coke is much more complex and involves at least several reaction stages.…”

Section: Thermal Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petroleum Asphaltenes - Part 2: the Effect of Asphaltene and Resin Constituents on Recovery and Refining Processes

Speight¹

2004

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

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Résumé -Les asphaltènes, composés pétroliers -Partie 2 : L'effet des asphaltènes et des résines sur les procédés de récupération et de raffinage -Le pétrole est un système complexe en équilibre délicat qui dépend des relations entre ces constituants, relations gouvernées par les interactions molécu-laires. Ainsi, des schémas de récupération et de raffinage, en particulier ceux traitant des dépôts asphalté-niques (produits de dégradation ou de réaction des asphaltènes et des résines) peuvent être proposés grâce aux connaissances acquises sur la nature des asphaltènes, des résines et de leurs interactions au sein d'un brut. Abstract

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Section: Thermal Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum Asphaltenes - Part 2: the Effect of Asphaltene and Resin Constituents on Recovery and Refining Processes

Speight¹

2004

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

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“…Reforming entails a series of reactions whereby volatile components and gas are evaporated from raw materials, and activated molecules as generated free radicals simultaneously go through cyclization, aromatization, and poly-condensation. Reformed pitches are generally obtained by thermal polymerization (heat soaking), which increases the cost owing to soaking time [16,17]. Using catalysts for polymerizing aromatic hydrocarbons, such as AlCl 3 and HF-BF 3 , can diminish not only soaking time but also reforming temperature [18].…”

Section: Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of pitch from pyrolized fuel oil by electron beam radiation and its melt-electrospinning property

Jung¹,

Lee²

2014

Carbon letters

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Spinnable pitch for melt-electrospinning was obtained from pyrolized fuel oil by electron beam (E-beam) radiation treatment. The modified pitch was characterized by measuring its elemental composition, softening point, viscosity, molecular weight, and spinnability. The softening point and viscosity properties of the modified pitch were influenced by reforming types (heat or E-beam radiation treatment) and the use of a catalyst. The softening point and molecular weight were increased in proportion to absorbed doses of E-beam radiation and added AlCl 3 due to the formation of pitch by free radical polymerization. The range of the molecular weight distribution of the modified pitch becomes narrow with better spinning owing to the generated aromatic compounds with similar molecular weight. The diameter of melt-electrospun pitch fibers under applied power of 20 kV decreased 53% (4.7 ± 0.9 μm) compared to that of melt-spun pitch fibers (10.2 ± 2.8 μm). It is found that E-beam treatment for reforming could be a promising method in terms of time-savings and cost-effectiveness, and the melt-electrospinning method is suitable for the preparation of thinner fibers than those obtained with the conventional melt-spinning method.

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“…Since CTP consists of a variety of different phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [1,2], it must be properly treated to obtain spinnable pitches. In order to achieve lower price and high performance pitch carbon fiber, CTP has been restructured by purifying processes [3,4], thermal and acid treatments [5], air blowing [6][7][8][9], thermal treatment [10], and modification with a polymer [11][12][13]. These treatments affect the properties of the carbon fiber precursor because they cause a considerable change in the chemical composition of pitches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of isotropic coal-tar pitch by acid treatments for carbon fiber melt-spinning

Yoo¹,

Ko²,

Lim³

et al. 2014

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In this work, thermal treatment accompanied with different acid treatments was applied to a commercial coal tar pitch (CTP) to obtain a spinnable precursor pitch for carbon fiber. In the case of thermal treatment only, a relatively high reaction temperature of between 380°C and 400°C was required to obtain a softening point (SP) range of 220°C-260°C and many meso-phase particles were created during the application of high reaction temperature. When nitric acid or sulfuric acid treatment was conducted before the thermal treatment, the precursor pitch with a proper SP range could be obtained at reaction temperatures of 280°C-300°C, which were about 100°C lower than those for the case of thermal treatment only. With the acid treatments, the yield and SP of the precursor pitch increased dramatically and the formation of meso-phase was suppressed due to the lower reaction temperatures. Since the precursor pitches with acid and thermal treatment were not spinnable due to the inhomogeneity of properties such as molecular weight distribution and viscosity, the CTP was mixed with ethanol before the consecutive nitric acid and thermal treatments. The precursor pitches with ethanol, nitric acid, and thermal treatments were easily spinnable, and their spinning and carbon fiber properties were compared to those of air blowing and thermal treated CTP.

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Thermal polymerization of aromatic hydrocarbons

Cited by 117 publications

References 13 publications

Petroleum Asphaltenes - Part 2: the Effect of Asphaltene and Resin Constituents on Recovery and Refining Processes

Petroleum Asphaltenes - Part 2: the Effect of Asphaltene and Resin Constituents on Recovery and Refining Processes

Preparation of pitch from pyrolized fuel oil by electron beam radiation and its melt-electrospinning property

Modification of isotropic coal-tar pitch by acid treatments for carbon fiber melt-spinning

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