Thermal Power Plant with 1 GW Capacity for Meeting Future National Electric Demands

Marzouk, Osama A.; Arman, Ahmed A.; Saadi, Marwan M. Al; Al-Maqbali, Ahmed S.; Sharji, Sulaiman S. Al

doi:10.4236/jpee.2022.108001

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To validate the solver code, it was applied for analysing a benchmarking steam power cycle with superheating, which was published in the open literature [30,31]. The cycle in that reference study was analysed independently of the Cantera package for determining the properties of water.…”

Section: A Benchmarking Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Cantera-Based Python Computer Program for Solving Steam Power Cycles with Superheating

Marzouk¹

2023

IJETAE

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One of the main sources of electricity generation is power plants that use water (steam) to rotate turbines, which drive large electric generators. The steam can be generated from renewable or non-renewable energy sources, such as geothermal energy and nuclear fuels. Having an analysis tool for modeling the performance of such steam power plants can greatly help in reaching optimum designs, leading to less fuel consumption, reduced pollution, and cheaper electricity. It is further advantageous if such modeling tool is free to access, does not require many inputs from the user, and gives results in a very short time. These remarks establish a motivation for the current study. This article documents a computer code written in the Python programming language for numerically analysing the main processes in a steam power cycle with superheating. The code utilizes built-in thermodynamic properties for water in the open-source software package “Cantera”. A validation case with a benchmarking example in the literature using an independent source of water properties suggests that the developed code is correct. The code can be viewed as an extension to the Python examples for thermodynamic and power generation applications. Cantera can handle both subcritical and supercritical types of superheating. In the subcritical superheating, the steam absolute pressure does not exceed 220.9 bar. In the supercritical superheating, water becomes in a special condition called supercritical fluid, with absolute pressures above 220.9 bar. Keywords—Cantera, Python, Code, Program, Superheating

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Section: A Benchmarking Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Cantera-Based Python Computer Program for Solving Steam Power Cycles with Superheating

Marzouk¹

2023

IJETAE

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“…The power plant efficiency (η p ) in the current study is assumed to be related to the cycle thermal efficiency (η c ) according to a simple multiplicative loss factor, or energy conversion efficiency (η v ), which is selected to be 90%. 33 This means that 10% of the net output shaft power is assumed to be lost when converted into electric power. The sources of losses can be electric generator loss, unintended heat transfer losses, 34 and friction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcritical and supercritical Rankine steam cycles, under elevated temperatures up to 900°C and absolute pressures up to 400 bara

Marzouk

2024

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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The Rankine cycle is a conceptual arrangement of four processes as a closed vapor power thermodynamic cycle, where a working fluid (especially water as a liquid, as a vapor, and as a liquid-vapor mixture) can be used to convert heat into mechanical energy (shaft rotation). This cycle and its variants are widely used in electric power generation through utility-scale thermal power plants, such as coal-fired power plants and nuclear power plants. In the steam-based Rankine cycle, water should be pressurized and heated to be in the form of very hot high-pressure water vapor called “superheated steam,” before the useful process of expansion inside a steam turbine section occurs. If the absolute pressure and temperature of the superheated steam are both above the critical values for water (220.6 bara and 374.0°C), the cycle is classified as “supercritical.” Otherwise, the cycle is classified as “subcritical.” This study considers the impact of the temperature and pressure, independently, on the performance of a steam Rankine cycle. Starting from a representative condition for a subcritical cycle (600°C peak temperature and 50 bara peak absolute pressure), either the peak temperature or the peak absolute pressure of the cycle is increased with regular steps (up to 900°C, with a temperature step of 50°C, and up to 400 bara, with a pressure step of 50 bar). The variation of five scale-independent performance metrics is investigated in response to the elevated temperature and the elevated pressure. Thus, a total of 10 response curves are presented. When the temperature increased, all the five response variables were improved in a nearly linear profile. On the other hand, increasing the pressure did not give a monotonic linear improvement for each response variable. In particular, the cycle efficiency seemed to approach a limiting maximum value of 45% approximately, where further increases in the pressure cause diminishing improvements in the efficiency. When varying the peak pressure, an optimum minimum ratio of (water-mass-to-output-power) is found at 203 bara, although the cycle efficiency still increases beyond this value. In the present research work, the web-based tool for calculating steam properties by the British company Spirax Sarco Limited, and the software program mini-REFPROP by NIST (United States National Institute of Standards and Technology) were used for finding the necessary specific enthalpies (energy content) of water at different stages within the steam cycle. Both tools were found consistent with each other, as well as with the Python-based software package Cantera for simulating thermo-chemical-transport processes. The results showed that if the peak temperature reaches 900°C, a gain of about 5 percentage points (pp) in the thermal cycle efficiency becomes possible (compared to the case of having a base peak temperature of 600°C), as the predicted efficiency was found to increase from 38.60% (base case) to 43.67%. For the influence of the steam peak pressure, operating in the subcritical regime but close to the critical point appears to be a good choice given the gradual decline in efficiency gains at higher pressures. About 4.7 percentage point increase was found at the high subcritical peak pressure of 200 bara (compared to a base subcritical peak pressure of 50 bara). The results of this study also showed that the liquid water droplet mass fraction at the steam turbine exit diminishes from 11.00% at 600°C to only 1.48% at 900°C, which is favorable. This mass fraction grows from 11.00% at 50 bara to 27.89% at 400 bara, which is not acceptable. Every 100°C increase in the superheating temperature between 600°C and 900°C was found to cause aa increase in the cycle thermal efficiency by about 1.69 percentage points, and simultaneous a beneficial increase in the steam quality at the turbine exit by about 3.17 percentage points.

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Thermal Power Plant with 1 GW Capacity for Meeting Future National Electric Demands

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Cantera-Based Python Computer Program for Solving Steam Power Cycles with Superheating

Cantera-Based Python Computer Program for Solving Steam Power Cycles with Superheating

Subcritical and supercritical Rankine steam cycles, under elevated temperatures up to 900°C and absolute pressures up to 400 bara

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