Thermal preference behavior in preweaning genetically obese (ob/ob) and lean (+/?, +/+) mice

Wilson, Linda M.; Currie, Paul J.; Gilson, T.L.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(91)90514-o

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Thus, when initially exposed to cold, humans engage cutaneous vasoconstriction to conserve heat. Increased heat production is then adopted as a behavioral or reXexive chronic response that is slower but more adaptive than peripheral vasoconstriction (Caputa and Cabanac 1980;Wilson et al 1991). Added to cutaneous vasoconstriction, we propose that this increased heat production may occasionally cause T b to rise (overshoot) transiently above ideal, which causes CIVD to occur in order to dissipate the excess heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of body temperature on cold induced vasodilation

et al. 2008

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Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is an acute increase in peripheral blood flow observed during cold exposures. It is hypothesized to protect against cold injuries, yet despite continuous research it remains an unexplained phenomenon. Contrary to the traditionally held view, we propose that CIVD is a thermoregulatory reflex mechanism contributing to heat loss. Ten adults (4 females; 23.8 +/- 2.0 years) randomly underwent three 130-min exposures to -20 degrees C incorporating a 10-min moderate exercise period at the 65th min, while wearing a liquid conditioning garment (LCG) and military arctic clothing. In the pre-warming condition, rectal temperature was increased by 0.5 degrees C via the LCG before the cold exposure. In the warming condition, participants regulated the LCG throughout the cold exposure to subjective comfort. In the control condition, the LCG was worn but was not operated either before or during the cold exposure. Results demonstrated that the majority of CIVD occurred during the warming condition when the thermometrically-estimated mean body temperature (T (b)) was at its highest. A thermoregulatory pattern was identified whereby CIVD occurred soon after T (b) increased past a threshold (approximately 36.65 degrees C in warming and pre-warming; approximately 36.4 degrees C in control). When CIVD occurred, T (b) was reduced and CIVD ceased when T (b) fell below the threshold. These findings were independent of extremity temperature since CIVD episodes occurred at a large range of finger temperatures (7.2-33.5 degrees C). These observations were statistically confirmed by auto-regressive integrated moving average analysis (t = 9.602, P < 0.001). We conclude that CIVD is triggered by increased T (b) supporting the hypothesis that CIVD is a thermoregulatory mechanism contributing to heat loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of body temperature on cold induced vasodilation

et al. 2008

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“…In mice, genetically obese (ob/ob) mice have been consistently reported to have lower body temperature than lean mice. [30][31][32][33][34][35] Although there have been observations of lower body temperature in genetically obese (fa/fa) rats than in lean rats, 36,37 several other studies have negated this differentiation in rats. [38][39][40][41][42][43] We noticed that obesity is more prevalent in small breeds, which may distort the relationship between rectal temperature and body mass, but we found that obese dogs had lower temperatures than lean dogs (by 0.3 1C, on average) not only in cross-sectional measurements but also in longitudinal (retrospective) measurements conducted over 7-10 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between obesity and reduced body temperature in dogs

et al. 2010

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Background: Industrialized nations are currently experiencing an obesity epidemic, the causes of which are not fully known. One possible mechanism of enhanced energy efficiency that has received almost no attention is a reduction in the metabolic cost of homeothermy, which could be achieved by a modest lowering of body core temperature. We evaluated the potential of this obesity-inducing mechanism in a canine model of the metabolic syndrome. Methods: We compared the rectal temperature of lean dogs and obese dogs by (a) conducting cross-sectional measurements in 287 dogs of many breeds varying greatly in body size, (b) conducting longitudinal measurements in individual dogs over 7-10 years and (c) tracking rectal temperature of lean and obese dogs at 3-h intervals for 48 consecutive hours in the laboratory. Results: We found that larger dogs have lower rectal temperatures than smaller dogs and that, for the same body mass, obese dogs have lower rectal temperatures than lean dogs. The results were consistent in the cross-sectional, longitudinal and aroundthe-clock measurements. Conclusion: These findings document an association between obesity and reduced body temperature in dogs and support the hypothesis that obesity in this and other species of homeotherms may result from an increase in metabolic efficiency achieved by a regulated lowering of body temperature.

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“…Sokolowski and her students have detected and mapped a single gene ( for ) affecting foraging patterns in fruit fly larvae (de Belle et al, 1989), and they are now working to discover how it functions biochemically. Wilson and her students are studying the development of behaviour in mice with the obese gene ( ob ), which show a marked preference for warmer temperatures than their genetically normal siblings (Wilson et al, 1991). Rankin and her students are devising methods to study learning in single gene mutants of nematode worms (Rankin and Beck, 1992).…”

Section: Pursuit Of Single Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intelligence of heritability.

Wahłsten

1994

Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne

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The influences of heredity and environment on behaviour are sometimes quantified as a heritability ratio, which assigns a percentage of variation in test scores to variation in the genotypes of individuals. There are compelling reasons, both biological and statistical, to doubt the validity of the common practice of partitioning variance in this manner. This paper outlines the conceptual foundations and explains the weaknesses of heritability analysis, reviews evidence of heredity-environment interaction during development, and argues for an alternative research strategy to detect and understand the functions of specific genes relevant for individual differences in behaviour.

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Thermal preference behavior in preweaning genetically obese (ob/ob) and lean (+/?, +/+) mice

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of body temperature on cold induced vasodilation

Effect of body temperature on cold induced vasodilation

Association between obesity and reduced body temperature in dogs

The intelligence of heritability.

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