Thermal preferences of wintering snails Planorbarius corneus (L.) exposed to lipopolysaccharide and zymosan

Żbikowska, Elżbieta; Wrotek, Sylwia; Cichy, Anna; Kozak, Wiesław

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2012.08.011

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Interestingly, under adequate environmental conditions that include a thermal choice fish are able to successfully orchestrate regulatory responses to potentiate immunity ( 17 ) or improve metabolic and growth performance ( 18 ). Behavioral fever in response to pathogen challenge has been shown in fish as a response to bacterial (tilapia), cytokine (trout), and viral pathogens (carp, zebrafish), in lizards as a response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of bacterial wall of Escherichia coli ( 19 ) and invertebrates highlighting the evolutionary importance of this response in ectotherms ( 20 – 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Fever Drives Epigenetic Modulation of the Immune Response in Fish

et al. 2018

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Ectotherms choose the best thermal conditions to mount a successful immune response, a phenomenon known as behavioral fever. The cumulative evidence suggests that behavioral fever impacts positively upon lymphocyte proliferation, inflammatory cytokine expression, and other immune functions. In this study, we have explored how thermal choice during infection impacts upon underpinning molecular processes and how temperature increase is coupled to the immune response. Our results show that behavioral fever results in a widespread, plastic imprint on gene regulation, and lymphocyte proliferation. We further explored the possible contribution of histone modification and identified global associations between temperature and histone changes that suggest epigenetic remodeling as a result of behavioral fever. Together, these results highlight the critical importance of thermal choice in mobile ectotherms, particularly in response to an infection, and demonstrate the key role of epigenetic modification to orchestrate the thermocoupling of the immune response during behavioral fever.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Fever Drives Epigenetic Modulation of the Immune Response in Fish

et al. 2018

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“…The absence of thermoregulatory response of the investigated snails with pre-patent trematode invasion did not result from the inability of the invertebrate ectotherms to produce it. The symptoms of behavioral fever have been identified not only in arthropods (see the review: de Roode and Lefebvre 2012 ) but also in molluscs (Żbikowska et al 2013a , b ). We recorded them in wintering P. corneus inoculated with natural or synthetic pyrogens (zymosan, LPS, poly I:C).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digenean larvae—the cause and beneficiaries of the changes in host snails’ thermal behavior

Żbikowska

Żbikowski

2015

Parasitol Res

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Parasite-induced changes in host’s thermal preferences not only can be interpreted as a physiological defense response of the host but also can represent a pathological manifestation of the parasite. Both may become established in host-parasite relationships if they are beneficial for at least one of the counterparts. This study investigates parasite-induced changes in the thermoregulatory behavior of first intermediate hosts of Digenea (i.e. Lymnaea stagnalis and Planorbarius corneus), infected with Notocotylidae or Echinostomatidae larvae. The investigated parasite species developed different transmission strategies outside the body of a snail, which may imply a different effect on the behavior of their hosts. Notocotylus attenuatus in L. stagnalis and Notocotylus ephemera in P. corneus produce symptoms of anapyrexia, prolonging the lifespan of their hosts. By contrast, Echinoparyphium aconiatum in L. stagnalis and Echinostoma spiniferum in P. corneus interfere with defensive thermoregulatory behavior of host snails, causing their accelerated death. The results of laboratory research indicate that thermal preferences of the snails infected with all investigated trematodes facilitate the transmission of the parasites in environment.

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“…Because hosts can often endure hotter environments than their parasites, many animals increase their body temperature when infected (see citations below). In ectotherms, fever arises from behavioural thermoregulation (microhabitat selection) and is widespread, occurring in vertebrates (including amphibians, reptiles and fish: Rakus, Ronsmans, & Vanderplasschen, 2017), snails (Zbikowska, Wrotek, Cichy, & Kozak, 2013) and insects (including bees, flies, grasshoppers, mosquitoes and beetles: Stahlschmidt & Adamo, 2013;Thomas & Blanford, 2003). Behavioural fever can impair parasite performance, enhancing clearance or reducing virulence of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can hot temperatures limit disease transmission? A test of mechanisms in a zooplankton–fungus system

et al. 2019

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Thermal ecology theory predicts that transmission of infectious diseases should respond unimodally to temperature, that is be maximized at intermediate temperatures and constrained at extreme low and high temperatures. However, empirical evidence linking hot temperatures to decreased transmission in nature remains limited. We tested the hypothesis that hot temperatures constrain transmission in a zooplankton–fungus (Daphnia dentifera–Metschnikowia bicuspidata) disease system where autumnal epidemics typically start after lakes cool from their peak summer temperatures. This pattern suggested that maximally hot summer temperatures could be inhibiting disease spread. Using a series of laboratory experiments, we examined the effects of high temperatures on five mechanistic components of transmission. We found that (a) high temperatures increased exposure to parasites by speeding up foraging rate but (b) did not alter infection success post‐exposure. (c) High temperatures lowered parasite production (due to faster host death and an inferred delay in parasite growth). (d) Parasites made in hot conditions were less infectious to the next host (instilling a parasite ‘rearing’ or 'trans‐host' effect of temperature during the prior infection). (e) High temperatures in the free‐living stage also reduce parasite infectivity, either by killing or harming parasites. We then assembled the five mechanisms into an index of disease spread. The resulting unimodal thermal response was most strongly driven by the rearing effect. Transmission peaked at intermediate hot temperatures (25–26°C) and then decreased at maximally hot temperatures (30–32°C). However, transmission at these maximally hot temperatures only trended slightly lower than the baseline control (20°C), which easily sustains epidemics in laboratory conditions and in nature. Overall, we conclude that while exposure to hot epilimnetic temperatures does somewhat constrain disease, we lack evidence that this effect fully explains the lack of summer epidemics in this natural system. This work demonstrates the importance of experimentally testing hypothesized mechanisms of thermal constraints on disease transmission. Furthermore, it cautions against drawing conclusions based on field patterns and theory alone. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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Thermal preferences of wintering snails Planorbarius corneus (L.) exposed to lipopolysaccharide and zymosan

Cited by 14 publications

References 52 publications

Behavioral Fever Drives Epigenetic Modulation of the Immune Response in Fish

Behavioral Fever Drives Epigenetic Modulation of the Immune Response in Fish

Digenean larvae—the cause and beneficiaries of the changes in host snails’ thermal behavior

Can hot temperatures limit disease transmission? A test of mechanisms in a zooplankton–fungus system

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