Thermal Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Acetate Butyrate

El‐Sakhawy, Mohamed; Cellulose,; Tohamy, Hebat-Allah S.; Salama, Ahmed; Kamel, Samir

doi:10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2019.53.65

Cited by 80 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Next, the peak at 1371 cm -1 was assigned to the cellulose crystallinity, indicating -CH bending. 35 The peak at 913 cm -1 was ascribed to β-glycosidic bonds, as well as to the amorphous area of the cellulose. 8 The changes during the AA treatment have been confirmed by determining the lignin-tocellulose ratio of the samples.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Delignificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effects of Alkali Pretreatment and Acid Treatment of Oil Palm Trunk Fibres

Norizan¹,

Sauta²,

Hashim³

et al. 2019

Cellulose Chem. Technol.

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Cellulose is becoming a super-material due to its excellent properties and renewability. Understanding its resistance to chemical treatments is important to boost the usage and accessibility. In this study, oil palm trunk fibre (OPTF) was pretreated with NaOH and NH 4 OH either in an autoclave or in a water bath. The optimised alkaline pretreated samples were then subjected to acid treatment with acetic acid (AA). The results showed the highest delignification was achieved by using 12% of NaOH via the autoclaving process, with 10685.4 mg/L of lignin and 7.8% of acid insoluble lignin (AIL). The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the removal of lignin by the reduction of the peaks at 1250 and 1750 cm-1 , representing C=O and CO -C, respectively, from lignin. The delignification was pronounced when concentrated AA was used and the lignin-to-cellulose ratio decreased to about 52%. Other than lignin, amorphous celluloses were also removed during the AA treatment, causing an increment in the crystallinity index (CrI) and crystallite size (L). Consequently, the AA treatment had led to the depolymerisation of crystalline cellulose and affected the viscosity-average molecular weight (M η).

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Section: Results and Discussion Delignificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effects of Alkali Pretreatment and Acid Treatment of Oil Palm Trunk Fibres

Norizan¹,

Sauta²,

Hashim³

et al. 2019

Cellulose Chem. Technol.

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show abstract

“…These events could be accompanied with a cellulose degradation process such as dehydration, depolymerization, rearrangement, formation of carboxyl and carbonyl groups, evolution of CO2 and CO and breakdown of glu cosyl units, afterward the charred residue was formed. This stage is known as volatilization or decomposition stage [30]. It can be seen that degradation of DAC, and its amino acids derivatives, was initiated at a lower temperature compared to that of original cellulose, which indicates that cellulose thermal stability decreases after oxidation and amino acids modification.…”

Section: Fig 6 Tga and Dsc Of Cellulose And Dacmentioning

confidence: 99%

A green method for preparation of amino acids functionalized 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose

2020

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“…Cellulose I can be transformed to cellulose II by treatment with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The major difference between cellulose I and II is due to the hydrogen bonding between the cellulose chains [66].…”

Section: E Ft-ir Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characteristic of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Baobab (Adansonia Digitata L.) Fruit Shell

Youssif¹,

Hassan²

2018

IJEAS

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Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruit shell was used as the raw material to produce cellulose. A 37.67 % of cellulose was successfully extracted from baobab fruit shell through sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pre-treatment and acidified sodium chlorite delignification. Cellulose was then converted to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by etherification process using monochloroacetic acid (MCA), and various sodium hydroxide concentrations (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 g/100 ml), in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) medium. The synthesized CMC yield increased with increasing amounts of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration for the alkalization step. Structural information of cellulose and CMC was obtained using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the surface morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The carboxymethylation process of cellulose was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The presence of a new and strong absorption band at 1600.92 cm-1 for all CMCs samples is due to the COO‾ group, which substitutes OH groups at anhydroglucose unit (AGU). The degree of crystallinity for BFS cellulose was calculated to be 60.6% while the crystal size was calculated to be 31.12 nm. XRD analysis confirmed that CMC crystallinity was reduced remarkably compared with cellulose. The viscosity average molecular weight (Mη) of baobab fruit shell cellulose obtained by Mark-Houwink equation using intrinsic viscosity data is 51,024 g mol-1. The optimum condition for carboxymethylation was found to be 35 g/100 ml NaOH, which provided the highest viscosity average molecular weight (Mη=39,241 g mol-1) and degree of substitution (DS = 0.94). The characteristic features of synthesized CMC suggest the possibilities of utilization as food additive.

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Thermal Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Acetate Butyrate

Cited by 80 publications

References 22 publications

Understanding the Effects of Alkali Pretreatment and Acid Treatment of Oil Palm Trunk Fibres

Understanding the Effects of Alkali Pretreatment and Acid Treatment of Oil Palm Trunk Fibres

A green method for preparation of amino acids functionalized 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose

Synthesis and Characteristic of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Baobab (Adansonia Digitata L.) Fruit Shell

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