“…These peaks were assigned to the stepwise V 2 O 5 → V 2 O 3 reduction process with V 6 O 13 , VO 2 and V 4 O 7 intermediates [12,46]. Interestingly, in the mixed V − Mo − O oxides the reactivity of each metallic element is reciprocally affected by a cooperative catalytic effect [45,48]. The final stable oxidation state was always V 3+ .…”