Thermal safety and thermal management of batteries

Abstract

Electrochemical energy storage is one of the critical technologies for energy storage, which is important for high-efficiency utilization of renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions. In addition to the higher energy density requirements, safety is also an essential factor for developing electrochemical energy storage technologies. Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion batteries) are commercialized as power batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) because of their advantages (such as high energy density, long life span, etc.), while for future electrochemical energy storage markets, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) and lithium-air (Li-air) batteries can be promising candidates for high energy density requirements. Therefore, this paper summarizes the present or potential thermal hazard issues of lithium batteries (Li-ion, Li-S, and Li-air batteries).Moreover, the corresponding solutions are proposed to further improve the thermal safety performance of electrochemical energy storage technologies.

High Mass‐Loading Biomass‐Based Porous Carbon Electrodes for Supercapacitors: Review and Perspectives

“…7) Thermal safety is another key issue that hinders the practical applications of supercapacitors. [242] Heat generation and thermal changes between electrode and electrolyte can lead to nonuniform electrochemical reactions. In addition, thick electrodes are not conducive to heat dissipation and conduction, which will lead to rapid heat accumulation.…”

“…Especially under high mass‐loading, the self‐discharge and leakage current of the device will inevitably be aggravated, thus it is very important to optimize the suppression strategy reasonably. 7)Thermal safety is another key issue that hinders the practical applications of supercapacitors. [ 242 ] Heat generation and thermal changes between electrode and electrolyte can lead to nonuniform electrochemical reactions. In addition, thick electrodes are not conducive to heat dissipation and conduction, which will lead to rapid heat accumulation.…”

Recent developments of nanocomposite ionogels as monolithic electrolyte membranes for lithium‐based batteries

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Due to the relatively high energy and/or power density, rechargeable lithium-based batteries, including the Li-ion battery (LIB), Li-metal battery (LMB), Li-S battery (LSB), and Li-O 2 battery (LOB), show great promise for electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems. [7][8][9][10][11] In particular, LIBs are leading EES systems widely used in both portable consumer smart electronics and the automotive industry, making energy use convenient, green, and continual. [12][13][14][15][16] As the majority of current commercial LIBs contain liquid organic electrolytes composed of ionic salts dissolved in organic solvents, electrolyte leakage, and even combustion accidents occasionally occur, which hinders further reliable applications, especially in flexible and/or wearable devices.…”

“…To achieve the net‐zero carbon future committed by more and more countries, energy storage technologies utilizing intermittent renewable energy such as wind, tidal energy, and solar power (excess solar photovoltaic generation) are extremely significant to reduce the consumption of limited fossil fuels 1–6 . Due to the relatively high energy and/or power density, rechargeable lithium‐based batteries, including the Li‐ion battery (LIB), Li‐metal battery (LMB), Li‐S battery (LSB), and Li‐O 2 battery (LOB), show great promise for electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems 7–11 . In particular, LIBs are leading EES systems widely used in both portable consumer smart electronics and the automotive industry, making energy use convenient, green, and continual 12–16 .…”

Scalable Preparation of Polyimide Sandwiched Separator for Durable High‐Rate Lithium‐Metal Battery

“…As a vital component of LMBs, the separator prevents the direct contact between the anode and cathode, as well as regulating the ion migration between them, which exerts its direct and essential role for the efficiency, stability, and safety of LMBs. [ 7,8 ] During the cycling of batteries, especially at high charge/discharge rates, substantial amount of Joule heat is generated and the internal temperature rises often, causing inhomogeneous heat accumulation, [ 6,9–11 ] which would deteriorate the nonuniform lithium deposition and result in undesired growth of lithium dendrites, that in turn, would eventually puncture through the separator and cause thermal runaway. [ 12 ] To address these issues in high‐rate operation, a strong driving force has been created to develop high‐performance separators with uniform and narrow pore size, high thermal stability, and mechanical property, with an aim to facilitate a homogeneous lithium deposition to suppress the lithium dendrite growth and enhance the cycling performance of LMBs at high charge/discharge rates.…”