Thermal, seismic and infrasonic evidences of variable degassing rates at Stromboli volcano

Ripepe, Maurizio; Harris, Andrew; Carniel, Roberto

doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(02)00298-6

Cited by 171 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Two further attributes are of significance with respect to the lava lake level, namely the delay time of the infrasound arrival with respect to the seismic one and the frequency content of the infrasound events (Richardson et al, 2014;Johnson et al, 2018). Unfortunately, the delay time information, which is potentially useful for measuring the level of lava in a conduit (Ripepe et al, 2002;Johnson, 2007) is particularly affected by 6 km of propagation through the atmosphere (see section Identification of Repetitive Long-Period (LP) Seismo-Acoustic Events). Moderate variations of the lava lake depth on the order of 80 m are probably not resolvable with the current seismo-acoustic station.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Station Seismo-Acoustic Monitoring of Nyiragongo's Lava Lake Activity (D.R. Congo)

et al. 2018

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Since its last effusive eruption in 2002, Nyiragongo has been an open-vent volcano characterized by the world's largest persistent lava lake. This lava lake provides a unique opportunity to detect pressure change in the magmatic system by analyzing its level fluctuations. We demonstrate that this information is contained in the seismic and infrasound signals generated by the lava lake's activity. The continuous seismo-acoustic monitoring permits quantification of lava lake dynamics, which is analyzed retrospectively to identify periods of volcanic unrest. Synchronous, high-resolution satellite SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images are used to constrain lava lake level by measuring the length of the SAR shadow cast by the rim of the pit crater where the lava lake is located. Seventy-two estimations of the lava lake level were obtained with this technique between August 2016 and November 2017. These sporadic measurements allow for a better interpretation of the continuous infrasound and seismic data recorded at the closest station (∼6 km from the crater). Jointly analyzed seismo-acoustic and SAR data reveal that slight changes in the spectral properties of the continuous cross-correlated low-frequency seismo-acoustic records (and not solely single events) can be used to track fluctuations of the lava lake level on a daily and hourly basis. We observe that drops of the lava lake and the appearance of significant long period (LP) "lava lake" events are a consequence of a probable deep lateral magma intrusion beneath Nyiragongo, which induces changes in its shallow plumbing system. In addition to contributing to understanding lava lake dynamics, this study highlights the potential to continuously monitor pressure fluctuations within the magmatic system using a single seismo-acoustic station located several kilometers from the vent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Station Seismo-Acoustic Monitoring of Nyiragongo's Lava Lake Activity (D.R. Congo)

et al. 2018

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“…These bubbles grow via diffusion, decompression-based expansion, or coalesce to form non-spherical bubbles, e.g., of spherical-cap morphology [4][5][6], which can transition into Taylor bubbles (also called gas slugs), which nearly span the conduit width, and are of a length greater than, or equal to, the conduit diameter (see Figure 1 for further details on the morphological characteristics of spherical-cap and Taylor bubbles) [4,7,8]. These distinct bubble morphologies give rise to a variety of potential classes of surface degassing activity, specifically, passive degassing of spherical bubbles [2]; puffing, from bursting of non-spherical bubbles or non-over-pressurized Taylor bubbles [9][10][11]; and explosions from over-pressurized Taylor bubbles [12][13][14]. The latter scenario is associated with strombolian volcanism, as manifested on the eponymous Stromboli volcano, Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Spherical-Cap and Taylor Bubble Fluid Dynamics with Plume Measurements to Characterize Basaltic Degassing

Pering

McGonigle

2018

Geosciences

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Basaltic activity is the most common class of volcanism on Earth, characterized by magmas of sufficiently low viscosities such that bubbles can move independently of the melt. Following exsolution, spherical bubbles can then expand and/or coalesce to generate larger bubbles of spherical-cap or Taylor bubble (slug) morphologies. Puffing and strombolian explosive activity are driven by the bursting of these larger bubbles at the surface. Here, we present the first combined model classification of spherical-cap and Taylor bubble driven puffing and strombolian activity modes on volcanoes. Furthermore, we incorporate the possibility that neighboring bubbles might coalesce, leading to elevated strombolian explosivity. The model categorizes the behavior in terms of the temporal separation between the arrival of successive bubbles at the surface and bubble gas volume or length, with the output presented on visually-intuitive two-dimensional plots. The categorized behavior is grouped into the following regimes: puffing from (a) cap bubbles; and (b) non-overpressurized Taylor bubbles; and (c) Taylor bubble driven strombolian explosions. Each of these regimes is further subdivided into scenarios whereby inter-bubble interaction does/does not occur. The model performance is corroborated using field data from Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy), Etna (Sicily, Italy), and Yasur (Vanuatu), representing one of the very first studies, focused on combining high temporal resolution degassing data with fluid dynamics as a means of deepening our understanding of the processes which drive basaltic volcanism.

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“…Solid fragments ejected in each explosion have a mass up to 6,000 kg (Ripepe et al, 2002;. During each explosion, gas emission has been estimated as 6-19 kg/s (Allard et al, 1994).…”

Section: Present-day Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stromboli – the best place to actively learn and understand the behavior of an active volcano and its processes

Bąk¹,

Bąk²,

Szubert³

2016

geotour

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Basaltic volcanism, a dominant mode of volcanic activity on Earth, occurs as explosive eruptions, resulting from the exsolution of magmatic gases and is exhibited by IntroductionActive volcanoes can become major tourist destinations visited by people for a variety of reasons. Some people would like to experience scenic beauty close to nature, while others have the ambition to climb a volcano, take photos, or learn about the surrounding geodiversity. Most of the tourists would like to explore various volcanic features such as eruptions, lava flows, fumaroles, geysers, boiling mud, and hot springs.A large impact on volcanic tourism is related to volcanic eruptions. An example is the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull (2010) in Iceland, when during a one month period, tourists watched both the fiery fissures and vast ash clouds from a close proximity. From the tourist's point of view, the best forms of volcanic activity are long-lived eruptions, when people can observe the activity from immediate vicinity and in relative safety. Such examples are displayed in the Hawaiian and Strombolian eruptions.In this paper, we present one of the most popular active volcanos in the world, the Stromboli Volcano (Fig. 1), that has been almost continuously active for 1300 yrs (Rosi et al., 2000). Anyone who sailed to Stromboli would be able to see the explosions at any time, because the ejection of bombs, black scoria, lapilli and ash occur every 10-20 min, accompanied by continuous degassing (Barberi et al., 1993). Location and accessStromboli is the northernmost island of the Aeolian Arc, located in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea in the central Mediterranean. The distance to the mainland is 54 km, while it is 240 km to Naples (Napoli) and 55 km to Sicily. The nearest of the other Aeolian Islands is Panarea Island (Fig. 2), 18 km to the Southwest. Stromboli -the best place to actively learn and understand the behavior of an active volcano and its processesStromboli -najlepsze miejsce do poznania aktywnego wulkanu i zrozumienia procesów wulkanicznych

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Thermal, seismic and infrasonic evidences of variable degassing rates at Stromboli volcano

Cited by 171 publications

References 21 publications

Single-Station Seismo-Acoustic Monitoring of Nyiragongo's Lava Lake Activity (D.R. Congo)

Single-Station Seismo-Acoustic Monitoring of Nyiragongo's Lava Lake Activity (D.R. Congo)

Combining Spherical-Cap and Taylor Bubble Fluid Dynamics with Plume Measurements to Characterize Basaltic Degassing

Stromboli – the best place to actively learn and understand the behavior of an active volcano and its processes

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