Thermal-sensitive magnetic nanoparticles for dual-modal tumor imaging and therapy

Abstract

“Nanotheranostics” has attracted much attention due to the development of nanomaterials with integrated diagnostic and therapeutic functions.

Molecular imaging agents for ultrasound

“…To our knowledge, no CEUS imaging of actively targeted NDs using ODV has been reported and the majority of these particles were evaluated after passive accumulation in the tumor or after intra-tumoral injection in the tumor bed. Zhao et al and Xu et al reported the development of PLGA-based NPs infused with perfluorohexane (PFH) or PFP NDs respectively [26,32]. The photo-absorber in both cases were iron oxide NPs encapsulated within the NDs which provided means for MRI and CEUS imaging.…”

Zoledronate and SPIO dual-targeting nanoparticles loaded with ICG for photothermal therapy of breast cancer tibial metastasis

“…Poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) is one of the most widely used nanocarriers due to its excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. PLGA is also approved by the FDA, and its perfect loading capacity has been proven by many successful NPs established by previous researchers 12 , 14 , 32 , 33 .…”

Phase-shifted paclitaxel-loaded multifunctional contrast agent for US/MR imaging and synergistic hyperthermal/chemotherapy of metastasis in lymph nodes

“…9 It is noteworthy that our research group and other research groups reported that microbubbles loaded with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles exhibited advantages such as better contrast for US imaging and an increased transversal relaxation rate in MR. 8,10,11 Furthermore, our research group and Zhao et al reported Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles could be employed for hyperthermia therapy (HTT), which applied localized thermal energy to burn cancer cells that resulted in cell protein denaturation and coagulation necrosis. 12,13 In these studies, peruorocarbon (PFC) liquid droplets, which could produce excellent ultrasound imaging contrast by transforming from a liquid to gas state via acoustic or optical vaporization, 14,15 were instead of gas encapsulated microbubbles as ultrasound contrast agents. Rapoport et al reported phase-shi PFC nanoemulsions combined properties of polymeric drug carriers, ultrasound imaging contrast agents, and enhancers of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery.…”

“…[16][17][18] The most used phase-shi liquid core is peruoropentane (PFP) with a boiling point of approximately 29 C. The PFP nanodroplets easily convert into nano and/or microbubbles upon heating to physiological temperatures. 12,15,16 Near-infrared (NIR) refers to electromagnetic radiation in the region between 780 and 2526 nm. NIR light has the characteristics of controllable radiation scope, high penetration of cancer tissue without obvious damage to the surrounding normal tissues and organs and can potentially be used to treat tumors without surgical resection.…”

“…Zhao et al used an NIR experiment to trigger the phase transition of Fe 3 O 4 and PFC included nanocapsules and demonstrated that NIR could effectively promote the phase transition with an increased irradiation time and temperature, especially when the temperature was 50 C. 13 Xu et al fabricated a thermal-sensitive Fe 3 O 4 and PFC loaded nanotheranostic agent, which effectively absorbs heat to achieve HTT in response to NIR irradiation, synergistically enhancing tumor therapy via a phase-shi thermoelastic expansion effect, and can be used as a dual-modal contrast agent for US/MR imaging guided HTT. 12 Therefore, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles in contrast agent could absorb the energy of NIR irradiation, promote the phase transition of PFC and trigger drug release at the target site.…”