Thermal shock resistance of magnesia–chrome refractories—experimental and criterial evaluation

Wojsa, J; Podwórny, Jacek; Suwak, R.

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.05.102

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It was reported that value-added forsterite refractory materials ($1100–1300/t) could be produced using high-magnesia and silica waste as raw materials, including ferrochromium slag, iron ore tailing and amorphous rice husk, after properly altering their chemical compositions at 1500–1650 °C for 3–6 h. Hence it may be feasible to prepare forsterite refractory materials by a similar approach from ferronickel slag despite the lack of relevant report in literature. Furthermore, the relatively high chromium content in the ferronickel slag may serve as an advantageous factor for preparation of refractory material as the Cr(III) contained in ferronickel slag can be stabilized in the high melting point spinel phase without leachability during the refractory material sintering process. − This strategy will not only solve the potential chromium contamination of ferronickel slag in the preparation but also improve the refractoriness of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Route for Preparing Refractory Materials from Ferronickel Slag with Addition of Magnesia

Peng

Zhang

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The feasibility of a facile technological route to preparation of refractory materials from a ferronickel slag with the addition of sintered magnesia was verified in this study based on the thermodynamics analysis and the experimental exploration of the effect of the sintered magnesia addition on the phase transformation of ferronickel slag during the sintering process. For the first time, the results of thermodynamics calculation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses revealed that the original phase of the slag can be transformed to high melting point phases by addition of MgO during the sintering process at high temperatures (e.g., 1350 °C). Specifically, the olivine in ferronickel slag decomposed initially, generating a low-iron olivine phase and an enstatite phase. With increasing addition of sintered magnesia, the enstatite phase changed to forsterite, and the iron, aluminum, and chromium components in the ferronickel slag converted to high melting point spinel phases, including magnesium aluminate spinel and magnesium chromate spinel via a low-magnesium transient phase. The experimental results showed that a good refractory material with refractoriness of 1660 °C, bulk density of 2.92 g/cm3, apparent porosity of 1.82%, and compressive strength of 100.61 MPa could be obtained when the slag was sintered with addition of 20 wt % sintered magnesia at 1350 °C for 3 h. Due to the low production cost and property superiority of the prepared refractory material over commercial counterparts, the method proposed in this study is expected to have widespread applications in recycling of ferronickel slag.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Route for Preparing Refractory Materials from Ferronickel Slag with Addition of Magnesia

Peng

Zhang

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…However, the influence of main impurities in the ferronickel slag, such as chromium oxide, on the preparing refractory materials from ferronickel slag was still uncertain although their promoting effect may exist regarding the possibility of formation of Cr-bearing spinel. In fact, refractory materials containing chromium(III) oxide are featured by excellent corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance, relatively low cost, and long durability, − with wide applications in waste melting furnaces, gasification furnaces, glass tank furnaces, tapping channels, and many other furnaces in ferrous and nonferrous (e.g., copper and lead) metallurgy. − It should be mentioned that when chromium is stabilized as Cr(III) in the spinel phase, it becomes nontoxic. − The conversion of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) is also restrained when the furnaces are operated in low oxygen atmosphere (<12 vol %) . From these perspectives, the chromium in the ferronickel slag may serve as an advantageous factor for improving the properties of slag-oriented refractory materials although no in-depth relevant study has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium: A Double-Edged Sword in Preparation of Refractory Materials from Ferronickel Slag

Peng

Zhang

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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This study reports the role of chromium as a double-edged sword in the preparation of refractory materials from ferronickel slag with the addition of sintered magnesia based on the thermodynamic analysis and experimental exploration of the phase transformation of ferronickel slag during the sintering process. The results of thermodynamic calculation, X-ray diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis revealed that in the presence of sintered magnesia (20 wt %) and Cr2O3 (0–6 wt %), forsterite, donathite (instead of magnesium chromate spinel generated without addition of Cr2O3), magnesium aluminate spinel, and enstatite were formed. The forsterite and spinel phases contributed to high refractoriness of the prepared material by sintering. However, with excessive addition of Cr2O3 (>6 wt %), the quantity of enstatite increased obviously, which would lower the refractoriness of refractory material. For this reason, the addition of chromium or its content in the slag should be carefully controlled to fully exert its advantage in promoting the properties of the refractory material. Based on these findings, a superior refractory material with refractoriness of 1840 °C, bulk density of 2.68 g/cm3, apparent porosity of 15.19%, and compressive strength of 96.28 MPa was obtained by sintering at 1350 °C for 3 h with additions of 20 wt % sintered magnesia and 6 wt % Cr2O3. Because of its better comprehensive properties than the commercial counterparts and those obtained without addition of Cr2O3, the present study offers a very promising method for utilizing the hazardous element in preparing high-quality refractory materials from industrial waste, exhibiting great environmental and economic benefits.

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“…It is well known that TSR is an important property, determining the performance of a refractory material under various service conditions (Antonovič et al 2010;Miyaji et al 2014;Mertke, Aneziris 2015;Ribeiro, Rodrigues 2010;Wojsa et al 2013). To determine and forecast it, the values of thermal shock resistance R, R 1 , R 4 and R st are commonly used (Hasselman 1963(Hasselman , 1969Kingery et al 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of carbon and polypropylene fibers on thermal shock resistance of the refractory castable

Antonovič

Witek

Mačiulaitis

et al. 2017

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management

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This work investigates medium cement refractory castable with additives of carbon and polypropylene fibers. The peculiarities of microstructure changes in the fiber and castable matrix contact zone, channel formation, and changes of cold crushing strength of fiber additives, which have a refractory castable matrix under temperature treatment, were investigated. The investigation results allowed to predict that using a mix of fibers more effective than using them individually. The influence of fiber additives on the mechanical characteristics and thermal shock resistance of the refractory castable with fiber additives was tested. It was found that the addition of carbon fiber has a positive impact on the thermal shock resistance of the investigated castable, which is confirmed by the results obtained by thermal cycling, as well as by the values calculated for thermal shock resistance R4 and Rst. In addition, the results of the investigation of thermal cycling show that the value of the thermal shock resistance was highest when a mixed fiber additive (CF+PP) was used.

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Thermal shock resistance of magnesia–chrome refractories—experimental and criterial evaluation

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Facile Route for Preparing Refractory Materials from Ferronickel Slag with Addition of Magnesia

Facile Route for Preparing Refractory Materials from Ferronickel Slag with Addition of Magnesia

Chromium: A Double-Edged Sword in Preparation of Refractory Materials from Ferronickel Slag

The effect of carbon and polypropylene fibers on thermal shock resistance of the refractory castable

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