Thermal simulation of HAZ regions in modern high strength steel

Goodall, Graeme Robertson; Gianetto, J. A.; Bowker, J. T.; Brochu, Mathieu

doi:10.1179/1879139511y.0000000023

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Its criticality lies mainly in the microstructure, location, and size of the HAZs – factors that all contribute to localized penetration of uneven, significantly high corrosion rates. The microstructures of the HAZs are different from the base pipeline steel microstructures at extents primarily pertaining to a welding procedure – like that of the pulsed gas metal arc welding (P‐GMAW), a mechanized procedure of high operation efficiency. Such a procedure is executed with slow rates to facilitate appreciably for complete phase transformation from austenite to ferrite and pearlite, or to mixtures of ferrite, bainite, and martensite during a thermal cycle before another one starts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of the passive films on API‐X100 steel heat‐affected zones (HAZs) towards trace chloride concentrations in bicarbonate solutions at high temperature

Eliyan

Alfantazi

2013

Materials & Corrosion

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This paper investigates the stability and growth of the passive films on the heat‐affected zones (HAZs), of API‐X100 pipeline steel, in dilute bicarbonate solutions containing 100 and 300 ppm chloride ions at 363 K. The investigations were carried out by electrochemical methods, and the kinetics and corrosion rates were evaluated. The HAZs were simulated by thermal Gleeble cycles of heating up to 1223 K peak temperature, followed by cooling at 10, 30, and 60 K/s. The 30 and 60 K/s HAZs showed evidence of thin, highly sensitive passive films towards the increased chloride concentration, and evidence of increased charge‐transfer resistance over immersion time at the OCP conditions. The corrosion rates of the 30 K/s HAZs, of which acicular ferrite is the main constituent, were the lowest, among other samples, as revealed by the slow 0.05 mV/s potentiodynamic polarization and EIS. The passive films of the 10 K/s HAZ, at the open circuit potentials, were of the highest resistance to deteriorate/facilitate for mass transport.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of the passive films on API‐X100 steel heat‐affected zones (HAZs) towards trace chloride concentrations in bicarbonate solutions at high temperature

Eliyan

Alfantazi

2013

Materials & Corrosion

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“…Outros estudos [13,14] aplicaram diversas taxas de resfriamento a aços de alta resistência mecânica e baixa liga e determinaram que a temperatura de início da formação da ferrita acicular dependia da taxa de resfriamento. Igualmente foi determinado [13] que altas taxas de resfriamento levaram a menores temperaturas de início da transformação da austenita para ferrita.…”

Section: Efeitos Da Taxa De Resfriamento Na Soldagem Do Aço Api 5l-x80unclassified

Efeitos da Taxa de Resfriamento na Soldagem do Aço API 5L-X80

et al. 2015

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Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualq'uer meio, sem restrições desde que sem fins comerciais e que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado. Resumo: Uma das principais razões para o desenvolvimento do aço API 5L-X80 foi seu uso em Regiões Polares, onde se faz necessário alta tenacidade em baixas temperaturas. Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito da taxa de resfriamento na soldagem sobre as propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas deste tipo de aço. Estas diversas taxas de resfriamento simulam também diversas energias de soldagem. As diferentes taxas de resfriamento foram obtidas através de cinco distintos pré-aquecimentos. A temperatura de interpasse foi igual à temperatura de pré-aquecimento de cada uma das juntas em duplo V com face de raiz, sendo as soldagens robotizadas realizadas por arco elétrico com gás de proteção e eletrodo consumível ("Metal Active Gas" -MAG), arame maciço com resistência mecânica equivalente ("matching") ao metal base e gás de proteção composto de 75% Ar e 25% CO 2 . Para análise das juntas soldadas foram utilizados microscópio de luz e microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV), bem como ensaios mecânicos de tração, dobramento, impacto (Charpy-V) e dureza (Vickers). Os resultados dos testes mecânicos foram satisfatórios e apresentaram correlação com as análises metalúrgicas. As juntas apresentaram alta resistência ao impacto (Charpy-V) em temperaturas de teste de até -40 °C.Palavras Chave: Soldagem; API 5L-X80; Taxas de resfriamento; Propriedades mecânicas. Cooling Rate Effects in the Welding of API 5L-X80 SteelAbstract: One of the main reasons for the development of the API 5L-X80 steel was its utilization in Polar Areas where a relatively high toughness in low temperatures is needed. The present work aimed at studying the welding cooling rate effects on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of this type of steel. These various cooling rates also simulate various heat input's. These different cooling rates were obtained through five distinct pre-heatings. The interpass temperature was the same of the pre-heating temperature presented by each one of the double V joints with root face; being the robotics weldings itself performed through gas metal arc welding (GMAW), using solid wire with matching mechanical resistance, and as a shielding gas a mixture of 75% Ar and 25% CO 2 . In order to analyze the welded joints, light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were utilized, as well as mechanical tests, such as tension, bending, impact (Charpy-V) and hardness (Vickers). The results of such mechanical tests were satisfactory and suitable correlated with the metallurgical analyses. The joint presented a high Charpy-V impact resistance in testing temperatures up to -40 °C.

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“…Corrosion of the heat‐affected zones (HAZs) of oil and gas pipeline joints, which can be welded with a variety of procedures, is one of the common problems that critically undermines the integrity of oil and gas pipelines . The HAZs are narrow segments over the circumference of the pipeline lying between the weldment fusion and base steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐examining the influence of chloride ions on electrochemical CO₂ corrosion of pipeline steels—corrosion of the heat‐affected zones (HAZs) of API‐X100 steel

Eliyan

Alfantazi

2015

Can J Chem Eng

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This research investigates the corrosion characteristics of simulated heat‐affected zones (HAZs) of API X‐100 pipeline steels in CO2‐saturated brines of different chloride concentrations. It links the significances of the HAZ microstructure and chloride concentration to the corrosion kinetics and corrosion products. The ferritic HAZs dissolve at almost two times the rate of acicular ferritic and bainitic HAZs. This paper shows that the samples corrode at rates increasing with the chloride concentration to a maximum rate, at a low chloride concentration, beyond which the corrosion rates decrease with increased chloride concentrations. For the base steel, for instance, the corrosion current densities increased from 8.5 μA/cm2 in 0.02 mol/L to the maximum 22 μA/cm2 in 0.07 mol/L before they decreased to 10 μA/cm2 in 0.1 mol/L. The corrosion products showed an increase with the chloride concentration, from almost 1‐3 μm to 25‐35 μm in 0.02 and 0.85 mol/L solutions, respectively.

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Thermal simulation of HAZ regions in modern high strength steel

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Sensitivity of the passive films on API‐X100 steel heat‐affected zones (HAZs) towards trace chloride concentrations in bicarbonate solutions at high temperature

Sensitivity of the passive films on API‐X100 steel heat‐affected zones (HAZs) towards trace chloride concentrations in bicarbonate solutions at high temperature

Efeitos da Taxa de Resfriamento na Soldagem do Aço API 5L-X80

Re‐examining the influence of chloride ions on electrochemical CO₂ corrosion of pipeline steels—corrosion of the heat‐affected zones (HAZs) of API‐X100 steel

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Thermal simulation of HAZ regions in modern high strength steel

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Sensitivity of the passive films on API‐X100 steel heat‐affected zones (HAZs) towards trace chloride concentrations in bicarbonate solutions at high temperature

Sensitivity of the passive films on API‐X100 steel heat‐affected zones (HAZs) towards trace chloride concentrations in bicarbonate solutions at high temperature

Efeitos da Taxa de Resfriamento na Soldagem do Aço API 5L-X80

Re‐examining the influence of chloride ions on electrochemical CO2 corrosion of pipeline steels—corrosion of the heat‐affected zones (HAZs) of API‐X100 steel

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Re‐examining the influence of chloride ions on electrochemical CO₂ corrosion of pipeline steels—corrosion of the heat‐affected zones (HAZs) of API‐X100 steel