Thermal Spray Coatings for Fusion Applications—Review

Abstract

Thermonuclear fusion is a potential source of cleaner and safer energy for the future. Its technological realization depends on the development of materials able to survive and function in extreme conditions. This article reviews the applications of thermally sprayed coatings for fusion reactor materials. First, the principle and purpose of fusion is briefly introduced, and technological objectives are mentioned. Material-environment interactions are summarized, together with materials requirements and the role of coatings. Then, specific applications-e.g., the plasma facing components-are reviewed, focusing on application issues as well as issues related to thermal spray processing and specific properties of the respective materials. An overview of specific materials testing methods is also provided.

Recent progress in research on tungsten materials for nuclear fusion applications in Europe

“…Vacuum plasma-sprayed tungsten (VPS-W) is a coating candidate in the design of first wall components which are expected to face a moderately high heat-flux [14]. It combines the advantages of W as first wall material with the ability to coat large areas and the possibility to repair damaged parts.…”

Overview of processing technologies for tungsten-steel composites and FGMs for fusion applications

“…The main advantage of plasma spraying from the point of view of prospective application on PFCs is its ability to cover large areas, including non-planar surfaces, with a coating of signifi cant thickness (up to several mm) [8]. The thin fi lm deposition techniques, like PVD or CVD, typically stay in the m range; this is comparable to the thickness of the material that gets eroded within one disruption [9].…”

A brief summary of the progress on the EFDA tungsten materials program

“…Vacuum plasma-sprayed tungsten (VPS-W) is a coating candidate in the design of first wall components which are expected to face a moderately high heat-flux [26]. It combines the advantages of W as first wall material with the ability to coat large areas and the possibility to repair damaged parts.…”