Thermal stability and kinetics of decomposition of ammonium nitrate in the presence of pyrite

Gunawan, Richard; Zhang, Dongke

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.054

Cited by 105 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The extensive literature on the decomposition of AN reveals a surprising variety of representations of the chemistry involved [4][5][6][7]18], with differences between the condensed and molten phases, and showing evidence of autocatalysis in the molten phase; common to virtually all is the phenomenon of competitive processes feeding on the same initial AN resource. Importantly, some are exothermic and some endothermic.…”

Section: Modelling Approach and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decomposition/dissociation processes constituting the initial 'burning' of AN, either by itself or in various compounds and mixtures, have been widely studied experimentally and modelled, both numerically and, to a lesser extent, analytically [4][5][6][7]. Despite its importance, the kinetics of AN decomposition has defied consistent experimental evaluation in terms of a single one-step Arrhenius representation.…”

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initiation and propagation of combustion waves with competitive reactions and water evaporation

2013

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We use a one-dimensional model to present numerical and analytical results on the propagation of combustion waves, driven by competing exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions in parallel with water evaporation. The research was motivated by the phenomenology of emulsion explosives comprising a mixture of fuel and an ammonium nitrate (AN)-water solution. An extensive programme of computational modelling has covered a range of important physical influences, particularly the water fraction and the ambient pressure, on which the endothermic effect of evaporation is critically dependent. A substantial, and not immediately obvious, influence of the evaporation, through its effect on the temperature, is on the fraction of the AN consumed, respectively, by the competing exo-and endothermic reactions, which are controlled by differing, temperature-sensitive kinetics. Self-sustaining travelling combustion waves are initiated for a wide range of parameter values. They are usually oscillatory, regular for small water content and become highly irregular, sometimes causing extinction for larger water content. The numerics are complemented by a brief theoretical analysis, which throws light on the complex and subtle interplay of the two chemical reactions and the evaporation, expressed in the form of a highly convoluted integral over the whole time and space extent of the process.

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Section: Modelling Approach and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation and propagation of combustion waves with competitive reactions and water evaporation

2013

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“…Nevertheless, these effects have not been studied in detail; most researchers tend to use their own preferred vessel for thermal risk assessment. Judging from recent research trends, pressure vessels seem to be the most commonly used in studying the relationship between the thermal reactivity and explosiveness of a chemical substance [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]; however, chemicals have also been examined using an aluminum pan [9] [10] [11], alumina vessel [12], and glass capillary tube [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between Glass and Stainless-Steel Vessels in Differential Scanning Calorimetry Estimation

Akiyoshi¹,

Okada²,

Usuba³

et al. 2017

AJAC

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Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) provides easy screening for thermal hazard evaluation. Here, we investigate the difference between using glass and stainless-steel vessels on the DSC measurement of exothermic decomposition energy (Q DSC ) for 41 chemical substances (containing nitro, halogen, peroxide, and sulfur groups, and hydrazine bonds). Two borosilicate glass vessels (capillary and ampule) and one stainless-steel vessel were used. All Q DSC values obtained were investigated with reference to the permissible fluctuation range specified by the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) international Both glass vessels produced very similar Q DSC values, despite different sample scales. The Q DSC values obtained with the glass vessels were generally roughly within the variation tolerance range of the stainless-steel vessel. Notable exceptions were halogen-or sulfur-containing compounds; these exhibited smaller Q DSC values with glass vessels in almost all cases. We will investigate whether certain structures in compounds react with stainless steel. The vessel material choice is crucial in evaluating the true reactivity of a substance.

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“…Thermal decomposition of AN has been studied in literature using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) (Oxley et al, 2002), Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC) (Li and Koseki, 2005a), Setaram C80 Heat Flux Calorimeter (C80) (Li and Koseki, 2005b), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) (Gunawan and Zhang, 2009), and Adiabatic Dewar Calorimeter (ADC) (Turcotte et al, 2003). Slight differences are found on data reported from the literature due to the variety of testing methods and equipment accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different decomposition mechanisms of AN have been reported in literature of which the most accepted reactions are summarized here (Brower et al, 1989;Chaturvedi and Dave, 2012;Feick and Hainer, 1954;Gunawan and Zhang, 2009;MacNeil et al, 1997;Oxley et al, 2002;Patil et al, 1992;Rosser et al, 1963;Saunders, 1922). An endothermic reversible reaction can occur at relatively low temperatures (i.e., around 170 C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium nitrate thermal decomposition with additives

Han

Sachdeva

Papadaki

et al. 2015

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

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Thermal stability and kinetics of decomposition of ammonium nitrate in the presence of pyrite

Cited by 105 publications

References 18 publications

Initiation and propagation of combustion waves with competitive reactions and water evaporation

Initiation and propagation of combustion waves with competitive reactions and water evaporation

Comparison between Glass and Stainless-Steel Vessels in Differential Scanning Calorimetry Estimation

Ammonium nitrate thermal decomposition with additives

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