Thermal stability of pulse electroplated gold films: SEM-EBSD studies

Palli, Srinivas; Dey, Suhash Ranjan

doi:10.15761/ams.1000118

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…During the past two decades, the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique remains one of the most powerful techniques to study grain boundaries characteristics in thin films, which is carried out in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . This technique enables the study of large areas of the sample, but is limited by its spatial resolution, which extends to several tens of nanometers or microns .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Growth, Crystal Orientation, and Grain Boundaries Disorientation Distribution in Gold Thin Films

Parajuli

Mendoza‐Cruz

Santiago

et al. 2018

Crystal Research and Technology

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Herein, the growth and annealing effect of gold thin films are systematically studied by using an automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM-TEM) technique. The crystallographic redistribution and structural changes in grain and boundaries due to recrystallization and grain kinetic processes are followed and described. The as-grown films show a dominant <111> texture followed by <110>, <100>, <112>, <102>, and <212> orientations; having a noticeable reorientation of the grains after annealing along the <111> direction parallel to the electron beam, as well as the expected grain size enlargement. Moreover, the random high angle grain boundaries observed in as-grown film transform towards low coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries after annealing. The consequences of recrystallization and grain kinetic processes, primarily grain rotation and coupled grain boundary migration on the evolution of the film structural properties are discussed based on the experimental results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Growth, Crystal Orientation, and Grain Boundaries Disorientation Distribution in Gold Thin Films

Parajuli

Mendoza‐Cruz

Santiago

et al. 2018

Crystal Research and Technology

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“…However, by implementing annealing processes, and/or potential cycling, preferred orientation may be developed while still utilizing a low loading of Au. 34,36,[47][48][49] The synthesis of the chemically deposited nanoparticles on XC72R carbon produced a powder that was analyzed with XRD and TEM. X-ray diffraction peaks showed that the Au nanoparticles deposited onto Vulcan XC 72R presented peaks that aligned well with International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) card (PDF# 00-066-0091) peak positions for Au and gave an average crystallite size of 8 nm (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Sputtered Ultralow Loading Gold Nanofilm Electrodes for Detection of As (III) in Water

Casuse-Driovínto

Benavidez²,

Plumley³

et al. 2022

ECS Sens. Plus

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This study investigates the use of DC sputtering, physical vapor deposition as a facile method for creating ultralow loading, Au/C electrodes for use in the detection of As (III) in water. The sputtered nanofilm electrodes on carbon papers, substantially reduces the amount of Au consumed per electrode, <10 μg cm −2 , compared to use of wire, foil, or screen-printed electrodes. Linear stripping voltammetry (LSV) was chosen for analytical simplicity and ease of automation. Electrodes using Au nanoparticles supported on Vulcan XC 72 R carbon were also investigated but were not viable for LSV analysis due to capacitive current charging of the high surface area carbon. The DC sputtered, Au nanofilm electrodes were used to create calibration curves for concentrations of As (III) between 5 and 50 μg l −1 and the standard addition method was used in a surface water sample with 5.5 μg l −1 total As. Peak areas plotted against concentration displayed strong linear correlation with meaningful detection below the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 μg l −1 . To our knowledge, this is the first study which utilizes the facile and mass manufacturable DC sputtering method to produce As (III) sensing electrodes. The results of this study have implications for the development of single use, low-cost nanofilm electrodes for field As (III) electroanalysis.

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“…For example, the long-range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) along an IMI layered structure is commonly applied for the waveguides or biosensors, particularly in the NIR regime . Another application of an IMI sensor is for the measurement of the change of the medium’s refractive index by detecting the shift of the SPR dip in the total internal reflection spectrum. − In general, a postprocess of annealing for a deposited Au film can improve the sensitivity of these SPR sensors. − However, several types of defects induced by the thermal annealing are usually observed, such as the bulges (blisters), solid state dewetting, and pinholes (voids). − These induced defects are also related to the quality of the adhesion layer, the delamination of film, the local overheating, and Rayleigh instability. − The preservation of the film integrity after the annealing is essential for the following fabrication of nanostructures via FIB milling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-Immersion Laser-Scanning Annealing for Improving Polycrystalline Au Films

Shih

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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A water-immersion laser-scanning annealing (WILSA) method was developed for the heat treatment of a deposited polycrystalline Au film on a glass. The material characterization using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction shows improved crystallinity with a more uniform crystallographic orientation of (111) and the grain growth of the annealed Au film. Additionally, the optical constants of the Au film before and after annealing were characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) regime, and the corresponding optical densities (ODs) were measured by transmittance spectroscopy. Our results show that the extinction coefficient and the OD of the annealed film are significantly reduced, particularly in the NIR regime. This is because the grain growth caused by the annealing reduces the density of grain boundaries, leading to the decrease of the loss of free electrons' scattering at grain boundaries. Hence, the damping effect of the surface plasmon is reduced. Additionally, the integrity of the WILSA-treated thin film is kept intact without pinholes, usually produced by the conventional thermal annealing. Based on the improved optical property of the WILSA-treated Au film, two performances of an insulator−metal−insulator (IMI) layered structure of biosensors are theoretically analyzed. Numerical results show that the propagation length of a long-range surface plasmon polariton along an IMI structure with an annealed Au film is significantly increased, compared to an unannealed film, particular in the NIR region. For the other application of using an IMI sensor to detect the shift of the surface-plasmon-resonance dip in the total internal reflection spectrum for the measurement of a change of the medium's refractive index, the sensitivity is also profoundly improved by the WILSA method. It is worth mentioning that the optimal heating conditions (laser wavelength, fluence, exposure time, and scanning step) depend on the thickness of the Au film. Our study provides a postprocess of WILSA to improve the optical properties of a deposited polycrystalline Au film for raising the sensitivity of the related biosensors.

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Thermal stability of pulse electroplated gold films: SEM-EBSD studies

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

The Evolution of Growth, Crystal Orientation, and Grain Boundaries Disorientation Distribution in Gold Thin Films

The Evolution of Growth, Crystal Orientation, and Grain Boundaries Disorientation Distribution in Gold Thin Films

DC Sputtered Ultralow Loading Gold Nanofilm Electrodes for Detection of As (III) in Water

Water-Immersion Laser-Scanning Annealing for Improving Polycrystalline Au Films

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