Thermal Stability of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A, B and C in a Buffered System

Tibana, Anita; Rayman, K.; Akhtar, M. Kalim; Szabo, Richard A.

doi:10.4315/0362-028x-50.3.239

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…SA enterotoxin is not degraded by proteases such as trypsin, renin or papain and is heat stable even at 100C for 180 min or 120C for 20 min (Borja and Bergdoll 1967; Huang et al . 1987; Tibana et al . 1987).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 3 shows the distribution of SA samples according to toxin production and the presence of toxin genes. SA enterotoxin is not degraded by proteases such as trypsin, renin or papain and is heat stable even at 100C for 180 min or 120C for 20 min (Borja and Bergdoll 1967;Huang et al 1987;Tibana et al 1987). Among the 30 SA isolates evaluated here, 19 (63%) produced SEA, while SEA + SEB and toxin specific genes were detected in 16 (53%).…”

Section: Toxigenicity Of the Ec And Sa Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Microbial Contamination Levels of Street‐vended Foods in Korea

Cho¹,

Cheung²,

Lee³

et al. 2011

Journal of Food Safety

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This study was conducted to evaluate the microbial quality of street‐vended foods in Korea. The microbiological contamination levels of aerobic mesophilic bacteria ranged from 0 to 7.43 log cfu/g with a mean value of 4.71 ± 1.53 log cfu/g, while the level of total coliforms ranged from 0 to 6.86 log cfu/g with a mean value of 3.24 ± 1.40 log cfu/g. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Escherichia coli (EC) were detected in 9% (mean value: 3.75 ± 0.56 log cfu/g) and 3% (mean value: 2.33 ± 0.90 log cfu/g) of 326 examined samples, respectively. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected. More than 50% of the isolated SA were found to be enterotoxin producers and these organisms primarily possessed type A toxin genes. Conversely, verocytotoxin‐producing EC were not detected. Taken together, these results indicate that consumption of street‐vended foods may pose a risk of foodborne disease and that good hygienic practices should be required to ensure public health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Accurate and up‐to‐date data for microbiological contamination of ready‐to‐eat foods are necessary for consumer protection to improve sanitary conditions in food processing plants in Korea. Known contamination levels can be used by administrators to establish national regulations for the control of foodborne diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxigenicity Of the Ec And Sa Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Microbial Contamination Levels of Street‐vended Foods in Korea

Cho¹,

Cheung²,

Lee³

et al. 2011

Journal of Food Safety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxins have molecular weights (MWs) ranging from 27,000 to 34,000, and SEB has an MW of 28,336 with an isoelectric point (pI) of 8.6 (Jones and Khan 1986). The relative thermostability of these toxins is staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC) > SEB > SEA (Tibana et al 1987), and the chemical and physical properties of these toxins are summarized by Jay (2000). The minimum level of enterotoxin to cause gastroenteritis in humans was approximately 1 ng/g or ng/mL of food (Noleto and Bergdoll 1982;Jay 2000), while Newsome (1988) and Tatini et al (1984) reported less than 1 m g of toxin ingestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A BIOSENSOR METHOD FOR A COMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAY DETECTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B (SEB) IN MILK²

Medina

2005

Rapid Methods Automation Mic

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A sensitive and more rapid biosensor method for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) is needed by the food industry. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is highly heat resistant and is a potential bioterrorism agent. Our research objective was to develop a competitive immunoassay using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for the detection of SEB below 1 ng/mL [part per billion (ppb)] in fresh fluid milk. The assay consisted of SEB immobilization on the sensor surface. An anti‐SEB was allowed to bind with the SEB in samples off line prior to the biosensor analysis. The excess and unbound anti‐SEB was then captured by SEB sensor. The assay conditions were optimized to detect SEB in HEPES buffer and in whole milk. An analysis of milk samples spiked with 0.312–50 ppb. SEB consisted of heating the samples at 95C followed by rapid cooling and centrifugation at 2961 × g to separate the skim fraction. Aliquots of the skim fraction containing SEB were allowed to bind with anti‐SEB for 30 or 60 min. The SEB and anti‐SEB complex were separated from the free anti‐SEB by centrifugation, and the supernatants were injected over the sensor. SEB was detectable in buffer at 0.78–50 ppb and in spiked whole and skim milk from 0.312–25 ppb. The biosensor analysis including the sensor regeneration was 15 min per sample in a fully automated system. The competitive assay format resulted in higher detection sensitivity and greater sample throughput than the SPR biosensor sandwich assay. The competitive assay will be utilized for the detection of SEB in various foods and will be optimized for the detection of other staphylococcal toxins in foods.

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“…The relative thermostability of these toxins are SEC > SEB >SEA (Tibana 1987) and the chemical and physical properties of these toxins are summarized by Jay (2000). The minimum level of enterotoxin to cause gastroenteritis syndrome in humans were approximately 1 ng/g or ng/mL of food (Jay 2000;Noleto and Bergdoll 1982) while Newsome (1988) and Tatini er al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DETECTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B (SEB) WITH SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSOR¹

Medina

2003

Rapid Methods Automation Mic

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An automated and rapid method for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins is needed by the food industry. We have developed a biosensor Sandwich Assay using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB). The assay is based on the immobilization of SEB antibody, capturing the SEB from the standard solutions or samples, and followed by the capture of the second SEB antibody by the sensor surface. The assay conditions were optimized to detect SEB in Hepes buffer and in ham extracts. The results indicated that SEB can be detected at 2.5 ng/mL of HBST buffer or in ham tissue extract. The calibration lines in 8 replicate analyses were determined from SEB spiked in ham extract and resulted in a mean R2 of 0.982 (SD = 0.026) and 0.995 (SD = 0.005) from SEB spiked in the supernatant of the centrifuged ham extract. Analysis of 10 and 20 ppb SEB inoculated on the surface of ham slices resulted in recoveries of 70 and 87%, and 62 and 86%, respectively, but at lower doses of 2.5 and 5 ppb SEB, the recoveries were 53, 0 and 65 and 16%, respectively. The extraction procedure can be improved to increase recoveries and the utilization of a more specific antibody can also improve the detection sensitivity. The Biacore method of analysis is semiautomated and can be developed for multi‐toxin detection in foods.

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Thermal Stability of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A, B and C in a Buffered System

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of Microbial Contamination Levels of Street‐vended Foods in Korea

Assessment of Microbial Contamination Levels of Street‐vended Foods in Korea

A BIOSENSOR METHOD FOR A COMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAY DETECTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B (SEB) IN MILK²

DETECTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B (SEB) WITH SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSOR¹

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Thermal Stability of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A, B and C in a Buffered System

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of Microbial Contamination Levels of Street‐vended Foods in Korea

Assessment of Microbial Contamination Levels of Street‐vended Foods in Korea

A BIOSENSOR METHOD FOR A COMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAY DETECTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B (SEB) IN MILK2

DETECTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B (SEB) WITH SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSOR1

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Product

Resources

About

A BIOSENSOR METHOD FOR A COMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAY DETECTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B (SEB) IN MILK²

DETECTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B (SEB) WITH SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSOR¹