Thermal Stress in Melon Plants: Phytoprostanes and Phytofurans as Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and the Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation

Abstract

The extreme temperatures generated in the melon crop, early harvest, induce an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) plant levels leading to oxidative stress. Phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) are plant metabolites derived from α-linolenic acid oxidation induced by ROS. The aims of this work were to evaluate PhytoPs and PhytoFs as oxidative stress biomarkers in leaves of melon plants thermally stressed. In addition, to fortify melon plant antioxidant defenses, foliar spraying was assayed using salicylic and gallic acid solutions and Ilex paraguariensis extract. PhytoP and PhytoF concentration ranges were 109-1146 and 130-4400 ng/g, respectively. Their levels in stressed plants were significantly higher than in nonstressed samples. In stressed samples treated with I. paraguariensis, PhytoP and PhytoF levels were significantly lower than in stressed samples without antioxidants. PhytoPs and PhytoFs represent relevant oxidative stress biomarkers in melon leaves. The use of natural antioxidants could reduce plant oxidative stress.

Identification and quantification of phytoprostanes and phytofurans of coffee and cocoa by- and co-products

“…27 Similarly, an important variation of 9-F 1t -PhytoP was identified in melon leaves when the plant was exposed to thermal stress. 24 In our case, the presence of these PhytoPs was not dependent on the hydric stress in coffee trees, as coffee was harvested in a region located 1300 m above the a Matrix effect (%) measured by micro-LC-MS/MS for coffee pulp (CP), cocoa husk (CH), and cocoa pod husk (CPH). b Extraction yield (%) measured by micro-LC-MS/MS for coffee pulp (CP), cocoa husk (CH), and cocoa pod husk (CPH).…”

“…PhytoPs and PhytoFs, extracted from CP, CH, and CPH, were chromatographied using a micro-LC equipped with CTC Analytics AG (Zwingen, Switzerland), as described by Yonny et al 24 The autosampler vial tray was kept at 10°C and the column (HALO C18 0.5 × 100 mm, 2.7 µm, Eksigent Technologies, CA, USA) was set at 40°C. The mobile phase consisted of water with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid (A) and acetonitrile : methanol 5 µL of the sample was injected and eluted at a flow rate of 0.03 mL min −1 .…”

“…As shown in Table 4, the total PhytoF content in ng per g dw was: 543.2 (CP), 278.0 (CH), and 393.8 (CPH), showing that these by-and co-products are pounds have already been identified in different rice flours. 30 The 9-L 1t -PhytoP series has been reported in melon leaves, 24 extra virgin olive oil, 27 walnut, macadamia nuts, and pecan nuts as minor components. 17 In addition, it was observed that frying at 130 °C increased the concentration of these compounds in macadamia nuts by 2.3-fold.…”

Comparative study of different cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones in terms of their phytoprostanes and phytofurans contents

“…Cuyamendous et al (2015) described for the first time the synthesis of PhytoFs and quantified the compound ent-16(RS)-13-epi-ST-Δ 14 -9-PhytoF in nuts (pine nuts and walnuts) and seeds (flaxseeds and chia seeds). Yonny et al (2016) studied PhytoFs in melon leaves, but they did not find ent-16(RS)-13epi-ST-Δ 14 -9-PhytoF; conversely, in cocoa beans, this PhytoF was the most abundant (Table 3). Accordingly, the profile of the individual series differed significantly among the samples of the cocoa clones analysed.…”

The Value of Legume Foods as a Dietary Source of Phytoprostanes and Phytofurans Is Dependent on Species, Variety, and Growing Conditions

“…However, their contribution to health in mammals has to be clearly ascertained within a complex network of signaling molecules and mediators, for which the accurate characterization of their concentration in the diverse food matrices is needed . According to this priority, sorting out the relevance of PhytoPs and PhytoFs within the population of secondary metabolites and signaling molecules of higher plants has not been completely addressed, with gaps of knowledge existing with regards to their physiological role in plants and the extent in which growth stress factors could modulate their concentration and thus, the final functionality foreseen in mammals.…”