Thermal stresses on window glasses upon heating

Dynamic three-dimensional stress prediction of window glass under thermal loading

“…Ordinary glass is composed of 18% Na 2 O, 10% CaO and 72% SiO 2 , and the critical breaking tensile stress is 75 MPa [16]. The critical breaking compressive stress varies from 910 to 1230 MPa.…”

“…Pope and Bailey [14] proposed a Gaussian glass breakage model and implemented it within the existing fire dynamics simulator (FDS) fire field model. Recently, Chow et al [15,16] experimentally investigated the smoke movement leading to glass damages in double-skinned facade and theoretical studied the thermal stress on window glasses upon heating. Xie et al [6] reported the breakage behavior of toughened glass with different thicknesses in enclosure fires in the ISO 9705.…”

Fracture behavior of framing coated glass curtain walls under fire conditions

“…This important issue was firstly highlighted by Emmons in 1986 [2]. Following his pioneering work, a large number of experimental [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and theoretical [12][13][14][15][16][17] studies were conducted to investigate the mechanism of glass breakage. For example, Shields et al [6,7,11] conducted some full scale experiments using ISO 9705 apparatus to explore the behavior of single and double glazing exposed to fire.…”

Thermal breakage of window glass in room fires conditions – Analysis of some important parameters

“…The edge condition is the same (as cut) and the three boundary conditions studied, which are encountered in practice, are (a) unconstrained glass pane, bending on the stress distributions as underlined in some studies [20]. Although this thermal bending may not be important as glass is a brittle material, for accuracy its effect should be accounted for as in Glaz3D which is three-dimensional.…”

“…It is reported that stresses build up in the coldest parts of the panes [11]. Chow and Gao [20] did some thorough thermal stress analysis to understand the effect of non-uniform temperature distribution on the glass surface in fire conditions. The authors used the experimental non-uniform temperature data from [19] to derive vertical temperature profiles, which were then employed to calculate the stresses on the glass pane for different boundary conditions.…”