Thermal structure of oceanic and continental lithosphere

McKenzie, Dan; Jackson, James; Priestley, Keith

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.005

Cited by 803 publications

(802 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This model is consistent with the model proposed by McKenzie et al 30 We have used the following parameters 30,62 : a plate thickness of 125 km with a basal temperature of 1,350°C, a coefficient of thermal expansion of 3.28 Â 10 À 5 K À 1 , a specific heat of 1.2 kJ kg À 1 K À 1 , a mantle density of 3.4 g cm À 3 , and a thermal conductivity of 3.14 W m À 1 K À 1 . We calculated a 2D temperature profile as a function of age and depth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Most of the normal earthquakes in the outer arc rise occur in the SL whereas the thrust events initiate below 25 km depth down to 40 km depth 30 in the PL; the deep lithospheric faults imaged here may act as weak zones that may be reactivated as thrust faults. Highly fractured SL should be able to transport a large amount of water in the Benioff zone as suggested by other seismological studies 53,54 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Figure 7c shows the number of intra-plate oceanic earthquakes as a function of depth for a lithosphere of 50-60 Ma of age, both for local earthquakes in the Wharton Basin 27,29 ( Fig. 1, Table 2) and global events 30 . The depth of the global events are well constrained by waveform modelling 30 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, Table 2) and global events 30 . The depth of the global events are well constrained by waveform modelling 30 . For local events, we used re-located events until October 2007 (ref.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic evidence of a two-layer lithospheric deformation in the Indian Ocean

Qin

Singh

2015

Nat Commun

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Intra-plate deformation and associated earthquakes are enigmatic features on the Earth. The Wharton Basin in the Indian Ocean is one of the most active intra-plate deformation zones, confirmed by the occurrence of the 2012 great earthquakes (MwZ8.2). These earthquakes seem to have ruptured the whole lithosphere, but how this deformation is distributed at depth remains unknown. Here we present seismic reflection images that show faults down to 45 km depth. The amplitude of these reflections in the mantle first decreases with depth down to 25 km and then remains constant down to 45 km. The number of faults imaged along the profile and the number of earthquakes as a function of depth show a similar pattern, suggesting that the lithospheric mantle deformation can be divided into two layers: a highly fractured fluid-filled serpentinized upper layer and a pristine brittle lithospheric mantle where great earthquakes initiate and large stress drops occur.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, Table 2) and global events 30 . The depth of the global events are well constrained by waveform modelling 30 . For local events, we used re-located events until October 2007 (ref.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic evidence of a two-layer lithospheric deformation in the Indian Ocean

Qin

Singh

2015

Nat Commun

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“…Over longer time scales than those of post-seismic relaxation, the upper limit to 8 the seismogenic (McKenzie et al, 2005) and elastic thicknesses (Watts, 2001) of the 9 oceanic crust appears to be approximated by the 600 o C isotherm of McKenzie et al 10 (2005). Similarly, the cessation of intermediate seismicity corresponds closely with 11 the 800 o C isotherm in subducting slabs (Frohlich, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation of olivine at 5GPa and 350–900°C

Hunt

Dobson

Wood

et al. 2009

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors

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Knowledge of the rheology of the upper mantle is important for understanding both subduction related phenomena and mantle flow in general. Here we report the results of stress relaxation experiments on San Carlos olivine at pressures between 5.3 and 1.3 GPa and from 350 to 900 o C. At 5GPa and 500 o C the deformation best follows a model governed by long-range resistance to movement of dislocations. The yield stress of olivine has been measured at low strain rates of 10 -7 s -1 . We conclude that the upper limit for the long term yield stress of olivine at 500 o C is 68 +180/-44 MPa.We observe significant weakening and infer an associated change in deformation mechanism in olivine between 500 and 730 o C. This change is coincident with the limit of the seismogenic layer and the greatest elastic thickness measurements in oceanic crust. AbstractPage 3 of 29

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Quantifying the impact of mechanical layering and underthrusting on the dynamics of the modern India‐Asia collisional system with 3‐D numerical models

et al. 2014

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The impact of mechanical layering and the strength of the Indian lower crust on the dynamics of the modern India-Asia collisional system are studied using 3-D thermomechanical modeling. The model includes an Indian oceanic domain, Indian continental domain, and an Asian continental domain. Each domain consists of four layers: upper/lower crust, and upper/lower lithospheric mantle. The Tarim and Sichuan Basins are modeled as effectively rigid blocks and the Quetta-Chaman and Sagaing strike-slip faults as vertical weak zones. The geometry, densities, and viscosities are constrained by geophysical data sets (CRUST2.0, gravity, and seismology). Both static (no horizontal movement of model boundaries) and dynamic scenarios (indentation) are modeled. It is demonstrated that 3-D viscosity distributions resulting from typical creep flow laws and temperature fields generate realistic surface velocities. Lateral variations in the gravitational potential energy cause locally significant tectonic overpressure (i.e., difference between pressure and lithostatic pressure) in a mechanically strong Indian lower crust (up to~500 MPa for the static scenario and~800 MPa for the dynamic scenario). Different density distributions in the lithosphere as well as different viscosities (3 orders of magnitude) in the Indian lower crust cause only minor differences in the surface velocity field. This result suggests that

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Thermal structure of oceanic and continental lithosphere

Cited by 803 publications

References 39 publications

Seismic evidence of a two-layer lithospheric deformation in the Indian Ocean

Seismic evidence of a two-layer lithospheric deformation in the Indian Ocean

Deformation of olivine at 5GPa and 350–900°C

Quantifying the impact of mechanical layering and underthrusting on the dynamics of the modern India‐Asia collisional system with 3‐D numerical models

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