Thermal Summation for the Development of the Navel Orangeworm in Almond (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Seaman, W. S.; Barnes, Μ. Μ.

doi:10.1093/ee/13.1.81

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…On new crop pistachios, at least two generations could develop at the fastest rate before the last adult emerged at the slowest rate, thereby creating overlapping generations. Development on mummies and processed nuts took considerably longer than on new crop nuts, and was comparable to the 46% difference reported by Seaman and Barnes (1984) in Nonpareil new crop and mummy almonds. In the pistachio mummies, the difference between the Þrst and last adult to emerge was 972 DD (70 d), and this prolonged emergence also occurred in naturally infested mummies (Bentley et al 2008, Kuenen and.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The only published developmental rate studies for navel orangeworm in the Þeld are on almonds (Engle and Barnes 1983;Seaman and Barnes 1984;Sanderson et al 1989a,b;Siegel et al 2010). Currently, it is assumed that navel orangeworm develops on pistachios and almonds at the same rate, and a value of 586.7 DD, calculated using a horizontal cutoff (Zalom et al 1998), is suggested as the average generation time (Anonymous 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Variable Developmental Rate and Survival of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Pistachio

Siegel

Kuenen

2011

jnl. econ. entom.

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A series of laboratory and field studies were conducted using two lines of navel orangeworm, reared on different stages of new crop and mummy pistachios, Pistacia vera L. This study demonstrated the potential importance of malformed pistachios (pea splits) to the population dynamics of navel orangeworm, because these nuts, which are available as early as two months before mature nuts, supported navel orangeworm development and survival. Overall, the developmental rate on new crop pistachios is fastest on mature nuts, 422.3 +/- 123 degree-days (DD, degrees C), but other factors such as exposure to insecticide residue also sped development, although survival decreased. Development took the longest on unharvested nuts (mummies) dried at 90 degrees C for 24 h, 2664.7 +/- 131.4 DD. In most trials development was variable and two generations could develop at the fastest rate before the slowest individual completed development, which in turn calls into question the concept of discrete generations. Generally, survival was highest on mature pistachios and other stages of new crop nut and lowest on mummies collected in May. Survival was also higher on the new varieties 'Lost Hills' and 'Golden Hills' (24.7 and 32.0%, respectively) than on the most extensively planted variety 'Kerman' (13.3%). In our trials, both the rate of development and survival were dependent on nut stage, age, variety, and quality, indicating that pistachios, like almonds, Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb, are a dynamic rather than a static nutrient source for navel orangeworm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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confidence: 99%

Variable Developmental Rate and Survival of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Pistachio

Siegel

Kuenen

2011

jnl. econ. entom.

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“…Horizontal, vertical and intermediate high temperature threshold cutoff techniques were assessed for whether they increased the error levels. The horizontal-and vertical-threshold cut-off techniques were the same as described elsewhere (e.g., Baskerville and Emin 1969;Zalom et al 1983;Seaman and Barnes 1984;Sanderson et al 1989). The intermediate threshold cut-off has not been published.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These techniques represent a means of addressing changes in the developmental rate of an organism under daily time periods of high ambient temperatures. The horizontal cut-off technique and, to a lesser extent, the vertical threshold technique have been in use for a number of years (Baskerville and Emin 1969;Zalom et al 1983;Seaman and Barnes 1984;Sanderson et al 1989). Briefly, the horizontal threshold cut-off is the temperature above which the development rate of a poikilothermic animal or plant does not increase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of several degree-day estimation methods in California climates

Roltsch

Zalom

Strawn

et al. 1999

International Journal of Biometeorology

150

116

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Procedures for estimating degree-day accumulations are frequently employed instead of the more accurate method of calculating degree-days from hourly temperature data because on-site temperature data are commonly restricted to daily minimum and maximum temperature records. Data from seven methods of estimating degree-days at each of nine locations during 2 years in California were compared by month to degreeday values calculated by hourly summation. Methods included three sine-wave approaches, three triangulation approaches and the averaging (i.e., rectangle) method. Results of the double-sine and corrected-sine (i.e., corrected for day length) methods were nearly identical to those of the single-sine method. The double triangulation and corrected triangulation methods produced very similar results to the single triangulation method. The averaging method and sine-wave methods deviated to a greater extent from degree-day accumulations calculated from hourly temperatures from November through February than did the triangulation methods. Degree-day estimations from the late spring and summer months were more similar to one another for all estimation methods than during the cooler months of the year. Since no advantages were noted in the more complicated double and corrected methods, the single triangulation method or the sine-wave method is preferred as they are less complicated procedures. Of the various temperature threshold cut-off methods evaluated, error levels were unaffected when estimating degree-days using the sine-wave method. The employment of a horizontal cut-off with the triangulation method did not significantly increase the amount of error in the estimation of degree-days. However, an increase in error was observed when employing the intermediate cut-off and vertical threshold cut-off techniques with the triangulation method for computing degree-days.& k w d : Key words Degree-days · Temperature effects · Phenology models · Developmental threshold · Thermal unit& b d y :

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“…The lower developmental threshold (lower limit) of navel orangeworm is 12.8ЊC and the upper developmental threshold (upper limit) is 34.4ЊC (Zalom et al 1998;Sanderson et al1989a,b;Seaman and Barnes 1984;Engle and Barnes 1983). These values are used for determining thermal summation, expressed as degree-days (DD), which can be easily calculated using the University of California integrated pest management (IPM) website (Anonymous 2010a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Development Rate and Survival of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Wheat Bran Diet and Almonds

Siegel¹,

Kuenen²,

Ledbetter³

2010

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A series of laboratory and field studies were conducted using three lines of navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), reared on wheat bran diet and almonds, Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb, at constant and fluctuating temperature. The duration of development on wheat bran diet at constant temperature differed significantly among the three lines. Development was as much as 40% faster at constant temperature than at fluctuating temperatures, consequently the developmental duration determined at constant temperature was not an absolute measure. When the maximum temperature in fluctuating regimes exceeded 43 degrees C, survival decreased by 50% compared with the constant temperature control. In almonds held at constant temperature, the developmental rate on new-crop nuts was variety-dependent and was fastest on 'Nonpareil' almonds and slowest on the experimental selection '23-122'. Development and survival were also variety-dependent on unharvested (mummy) almonds, and navel orangeworm average emergence was earliest from Nonpareil and latest from 'Carmel' nuts, differing by 529 degree-days, whereas survival was the highest on 'Butte', 35.7%, and the lowest on Carmel nuts, 7.2%. In our trials, both the speed of development and survival depended on host age, variety and quality, indicating that almonds were a dynamic rather than a static nutrient source for navel orangeworm. Identifying the factors responsible for variation in development and survival will give insight into improving control strategies.

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Thermal Summation for the Development of the Navel Orangeworm in Almond (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Variable Developmental Rate and Survival of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Pistachio

Variable Developmental Rate and Survival of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Pistachio

Evaluation of several degree-day estimation methods in California climates

Variable Development Rate and Survival of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Wheat Bran Diet and Almonds

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