Due to their versatile applications, perovskite quantum
dot (PQD)-based
optoelectrical devices have garnered significant research attention.
However, the fundamental packing behavior of PQDs in thin films and
its impact on the device performance remain relatively unexplored.
Drawing inspiration from theoretical models concerning packing density
with size mixtures, this study presents an effective strategy, namely,
binary-disperse mixing, aimed at enhancing the packing density of
PQD films. Comprehensive grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray characterization
suggested that the PQD film consists of three phases: two monosize
phases and one binary mixing phase. The volume fraction and population
of the binary-size phase can be tuned by mixing an appropriate amount
of large and small PQDs. Furthermore, we performed multi-length-scale
all-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate
the distribution and conformation of organic surface ligands, highlighting
their influence on PQD packing. Notably, the mixing of two PQDs of
different sizes promotes closer face-to-face contact. The densely
packed binary-disperse film exhibited largely suppressed trap-assisted
recombination, much longer carrier lifetime, and thereby improved
power conversion efficiency. Hence, this study provides fundamental
understanding of the packing mechanism of perovskite quantum dots
and highlights the significance of packing density for PQD-based solar
cells.