2006
DOI: 10.1021/ef050307p
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Thermal Transformations of Nitrogen and Sulfur Forms in Peat Related to Coalification

Abstract: The chemical pathways for nitrogen and sulfur transformations during coalification are elucidated by comparing the chemical forms of unaltered peats, lignites, and coals and pyrolyzed peats. Nitrogen forms are characterized by a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and 15 N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In unaltered peats, the 15 N NMR and XPS nitrogen (1s) spectra are consistent with the presence of amide nitrogen. When peat is pyrolyzed, the main peak in the 15 N NMR spectrum broadens an… Show more

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Cited by 95 publications
(69 citation statements)
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“…Burchill and Welch (1989) used N 1s XPS in a pioneering study to elucidate chemical nitrogen characteristics in three anthracite samples. More recently, natural changes in the chemistry of nitrogen in a sequence from peat to low-volatile bituminous coal have been detected by N 1s XPS (Kelemen et al, 1994(Kelemen et al, , 2006Straka et al, 2000).…”
Section: Anthracitementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Burchill and Welch (1989) used N 1s XPS in a pioneering study to elucidate chemical nitrogen characteristics in three anthracite samples. More recently, natural changes in the chemistry of nitrogen in a sequence from peat to low-volatile bituminous coal have been detected by N 1s XPS (Kelemen et al, 1994(Kelemen et al, , 2006Straka et al, 2000).…”
Section: Anthracitementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Oxygencontaining substituents, such as hydroxyl groups, may provide chemically active sites for ring opening and subsequent elimination of N org (Katritzky et al, 1997;Siskin and Katritzky, 2000). (iii) Amine and amide moieties may be present in less mature coals and kerogens (Kelemen et al, 2006). Within the accuracy of XPS measurements, pyridone nitrogen cannot be distinguished from pyrrolic nitrogen (Zhu et al, 1997).…”
Section: Sub-peak N-5: Pyrrolic and Pyridinic Rings With Or Without Omentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Similarly to other heteroatoms, the quantity and the proportion of each sulfur functional group depend on the doping strategy and the post-synthesis thermal treatments. Kelemen et al[137] performed a thorough study about the evolution of the sulfur species with the carbonization temperature. The different sulfur forms were studied by combination of XPS and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The 400.0 eV peak can be assigned to pyrroles, pyridones, amides, secondary and tertiary amines and imides. Although these species cannot be unequivocally distinguished with each other due to very close binding energies (Kelemen et al 1999(Kelemen et al , 2006Zhu et al 1997), based on several published statements (Cagniant et al 1998;Gorbaty et al 1990;Kelemen et al 1994) the peak at 400.0 eV was considered predominantly as pyrrolic. The 402.3 eV peak can be related to protonated amines, quaternary N and oxidized nitrogen (N-O) (Templier et al 2012;Straka et al 2000).…”
Section: Xps Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%