Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Polymers: A New Route toward Highly Efficient Solution Processable OLEDs

Nikolaenko, A.E.; Cass, Michael; Bourcet, Florence; Mohamad, David K.; Roberts, Matthew

doi:10.1002/adma.201501090

Cited by 209 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…17 During the preparation of this manuscript Albrecht et al 18 reported TADF in films of a solution-processable, non-doped, dendrimer; however, the dendritic structure is clearly distinct from the polymers described here. More recently and in parallel with our work, Nikolaenko et al 19 reported TADF in a linear polymer, but structurally different from our polymers. The EQE reported in Nikolaenko's work is around 10%, but this is only at a current density of 0.01 mA/cm 2 and giving 2 cd/m 2 , which is very low and not suitable for normal device operation.…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Rational Design of TADF Polymers Using a Donor–Acceptor Monomer with Enhanced TADF Efficiency Induced by the Energy Alignment of Charge Transfer and Local Triplet Excited States

Nobuyasu

Ren

Griffiths

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

267

212

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. (2016) 'Rational design of TADF polymers using a donoracceptor monomer with enhanced TADF eciency induced by the energy alignment of charge transfer and local triplet excited states.', Advanced optical materials., 4 (4). pp. 597-607. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201500689 Publisher's copyright statement: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Nobuyasu, R. S., Ren, Z., Griths, G. C., Batsanov, A. S., Data, P., Yan, S., Monkman, A. P., Bryce, M. R. and Dias, F. B. (2016) Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. performance with EQE of 22% at low luminance (<100 cd/m 2 ), for 100 cd/m 2 the EQE is 2 19.4%. In the case of solution processed devices, using the novel TADF polymers, the performance was much lower, EQE3.5% at 100 cd/m 2 , which is still the highest value for a polymer TADF system at useful brightness, yet reported. This results from a combination of weak charge transport properties in these materials and device fabrication methods that require further improvement. Nevertheless, these results pave the way to explore TADF in polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs), using less costly deposition methods, such as spincoating and inkjet printing, which are more appropriate for large area deposition.

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Rational Design of TADF Polymers Using a Donor–Acceptor Monomer with Enhanced TADF Efficiency Induced by the Energy Alignment of Charge Transfer and Local Triplet Excited States

Nobuyasu

Ren

Griffiths

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

267

212

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“…To our knowledge this is the highest EQE reported to date for a TADF polymer. [26][27][28][29][30][31] Furthermore, at 100 cd m -2 the EQE was 5.3%. High EQE, even at very low luminance, is widely recognized as an important figure-of-merit for OLED efficiencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Nikolaenko et al 27 reported a linear TADF polymer obtained by a block polymerization approach of three monomers with triazene-amine-triazene emitter units of various lengths spaced with non-conjugated segments. No information was given on the molecular weight or polydispersity of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pendant Homopolymer and Copolymers as Solution-Processable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Ren

Nobuyasu²,

Dias³

et al. 2016

Macromolecules

146

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. This study reports a series of polymers with an insulating backbone and varying ratios of 2-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide as a pendant TADF unit. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic data confirm the efficient TADF properties of the polymers. Styrene, as a co-monomer, is shown to be a good dispersing unit for the TADF groups, by greatly supressing the internal conversion and triplet-triplet annihilation.Increasing the styrene content within the copolymers results in relatively high triplet energy, small energy splitting between the singlet and triplet states (E ST ) and a strong contribution from delayed fluorescence to the overall emission. Green emitting OLED devices employing these polymers as spin-coated emitting layers give high performance, which is dramatically enhanced in the copolymers compared to the homopolymer. Within the series, Copo1 with a regiorandom ratio of 37% TADF units : 63% styrene units displays the best performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.1% and EQE at 100 cd m -2 of 5.3%.2

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“…The same is also true for polymeric TADF emitters, where the HOMO and LUMO are located on different monomers of the polymer strand. 75 Both organic 66,78,79 and metal-organic TADF emitters 77 have been shown to reach the maximum theoretical OLED efficiency, which is in the order of 20% to 25% external quantum efficiency in cases where no light-extraction technology is applied. 13 For clarity, the molecular structures of metal-organic TADF emitters are not discussed here.…”

Section: Organic Versus Copper Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of organic light-emitting diodes with thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for energy-efficient sustainable light sources and displays

Volz

2016

J. Photon. Energy

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Daniel Volz, "Review of organic light-emitting diodes with thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for energy-efficient sustainable light sources and displays," J. Photon. Energy 6(2), 020901 (), doi: 10.1117/1.JPE.6.020901. Abstract. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is an emerging hot topic. Even though this photophysical mechanism itself has been described more than 50 years ago and optoelectronic devices with organic matter have been studied, improved, and even commercialized for decades now, the realization of the potential of TADF organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) happened only recently. TADF has been proven to be an attractive and very efficient alternative for phosphorescent materials, such as dopants in OLEDs, light-emitting electrochemical cells as well as potent emitters for chemiluminescence. In this review, the TADF concept is introduced in terms that are also understandable for nonchemists. The basic concepts behind this mechanism as well as state-of-the-art examples are discussed. In addition, the future economic impact, especially for the lighting and display market, is addressed here. We conclude that TADF materials are especially helpful to realize efficient, durable deep blue and white displays.

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Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Polymers: A New Route toward Highly Efficient Solution Processable OLEDs

Cited by 209 publications

References 29 publications

Rational Design of TADF Polymers Using a Donor–Acceptor Monomer with Enhanced TADF Efficiency Induced by the Energy Alignment of Charge Transfer and Local Triplet Excited States

Rational Design of TADF Polymers Using a Donor–Acceptor Monomer with Enhanced TADF Efficiency Induced by the Energy Alignment of Charge Transfer and Local Triplet Excited States

Pendant Homopolymer and Copolymers as Solution-Processable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Review of organic light-emitting diodes with thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for energy-efficient sustainable light sources and displays

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