Thermally activated (“thermal”) battery technology

Guidotti, Ronald A.; Masset, Patrick J.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.04.090

Cited by 119 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In this regard, molten salts, especially the liquid halide salts, are compatible with the liquid Li electrode and have been employed in the high temperature batteries. [38,39] To ensure the high Li + conductivity, lithium-based molten halide salts (LiF, LiCl, LiBr and LiI) with high ionic conductivity (1.75-3.5 S cm -1 ) and low melting point have been widely employed in molten salts based batteries. [40] Besides the relatively low melting point and high ionic conductivity of molten salts, lithium has low solubility in Li-based molten electrolytes (0.5-2.5% in molar, same below), allowing the batteries to have high Coulombic efficiency of the batteries.…”

Section: Lithium-based Liquid Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its low cost and electronegativity, calcium was initially used as negative electrode in thermal batteries from 1950 to 1980. [39,75] Due to its low cost (0.14 $ mol -1 ) and earth-abundance calcium attracted much attention after the concept of LMBs had been proposed. However, the use of calcium for LMBs faces two challenges: high melting point of calcium (842 °C) and high solubility of calcium in molten salt electrolytes.…”

Section: Calcium-based Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Liquid Metal Electrodes for Energy Storage Batteries

Yin

Wang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The increasing demands for integration of renewable energy into the grid and urgently needed devices for peak shaving and power rating of the grid both call for low‐cost and large‐scale energy storage technologies. The use of secondary batteries is considered one of the most effective approaches to solving the intermittency of renewables and smoothing the power fluctuations of the grid. In these batteries, the states of the electrode highly affect the performance and manufacturing process of the battery, and therefore leverage the price of the battery. A battery with liquid metal electrodes is easy to scale up and has a low cost and long cycle life. In this progress report, the state‐of‐the‐art overview of liquid metal electrodes (LMEs) in batteries is reviewed, including the LMEs in liquid metal batteries (LMBs) and the liquid sodium electrode in sodium‐sulfur (Na–S) and ZEBRA (Na–NiCl2) batteries. Besides the LMEs, the development of electrolytes for LMEs and the challenge of using LMEs in the batteries, and the future prospects of using LMEs are also discussed.

show abstract

Section: Lithium-based Liquid Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calcium-based Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Metal Electrodes for Energy Storage Batteries

Yin

Wang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a previous publication, the authors investigated Al-Li alloy electrodes in this electrolyte and discovered excellent reversibility of these electrodes in OEGDME500, 1 M LiPF 6 [19]. At low current densities, lithium was deposited and re-dissolved at potentials more positive than those for lithium electrodes.…”

Section: Electrolyte Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In general, the Al-Li alloy was the active material rather than deposited lithium on top of the electrode. Al-Li electrodes were first investigated in molten salts [4] as anode materials for LiAl/FeS 2 batteries [5] or thermally activated batteries [6]. However, they were also investigated in various liquid [1,[7][8][9][10] and solid polymer electrolytes systems [11,12] based on polyethylene oxide (PEO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical investigation of Al–Li/Li x FePO4 cells in oligo(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether/LiPF6

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1 M LiPF 6 dissolved in oligo(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether with a molecular weight, 500 g mol -1 (OEGDME500, 1 M LiPF 6 ), was investigated as an electrolyte in experimental Al-Li/LiFePO 4 cells. More than 60 cycles were achieved using this electrolyte in a Li-ion cell with an Al-Li alloy as an anode sandwiched between two Li x FePO 4 electrodes (cathodes). Charging efficiencies of 96-100% and energy efficiencies of 86-89% were maintained during 60 cycles at low current densities. A theoretical investigation revealed that the specific energy can be increased up to 15% if conventional LiC 6 anodes are replaced by Al-Li alloy electrodes. The specific energy and the energy density were calculated as a function of the active mass per electrode surface (charge density). The results reveal that for a charge density of 4 mAh cm -2 about 160 mWh g -1 can be reached with Al-Li/LiFePO 4 batteries. Power limiting diffusion processes are discussed, and the power capability of Al-Li/LiFePO 4 cells was experimentally evaluated using conventional electrolytes.

show abstract

“…The Li-Si system is interesting because of its potential application as an anode material in thermally activated batteries [1] and for hydrogen storage. In the Li-Si system, according to assessments of Braga et al [2] and Okamoto, [3] four intermetallic compounds (IMC) are present (Li 22 Si 5 , Li 13 Si 4 , Li 7 Si 3 , Li 12 Si 7 ), as reported by Wen and Huggins [4] they were assumed to be thermodynamically most stable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%