Thermally Altered Novaculite and Stone Tool Manufacturing Techniques

Flenniken, J. Jeffrey; Garrison, Ervan G.

doi:10.1179/009346975791491303

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…La primera hipótesis la propusieron D. Crabtree y Butler (1964: 2) (Flenniken y Garrison 1975;Schindler et al 1984) con las relativas a la creación de micro fracturas. El tercer modelo de 'recristalización' de Domanski y Weeb (2007) reúne las que postulan que los cristales se hacen más equigranulares.…”

Section: Criterios De Reconocimiento Del Tratamiento Térmico En Rocasunclassified

El tratamiento térmico en rocas silíceas, un procedimiento técnico para la talla

Calbet¹

2012

Trab. prehist.

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Section: Criterios De Reconocimiento Del Tratamiento Térmico En Rocasunclassified

El tratamiento térmico en rocas silíceas, un procedimiento técnico para la talla

Calbet¹

2012

Trab. prehist.

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“…Since the first report on the improvement of flakeability by heating (Crabtree and Butler 1964), several researchers have performed both manual (Flenniken and Garrison 1975;Griffiths et al 1987;Mandeville and Flenniken 1974;Patterson 1979) and mechanical (Domanski et al 1994;Purdy 1974;Purdy and Brooks 1971;Schindler et al 1982) tests on the flaking property of heated rocks. among them, Purdy performed compressive strength tests and point tensile strength tests on Florida chert subjected to various heating conditions.…”

Section: Flexural Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Heat Alteration of Palaeolithic Material: Preliminary Results from Shale in the Northeastern Region of Japan

Yonekura¹

2010

asi

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In order to obtain a better understanding of the intentional thermal alteration of Palaeolithic materials in the northeastern region of Japan, heating experiments were carried out on two types of shale samples. Mechanical properties such as strength and hardness as well as surface morphology were analyzed before and after heating. As a result, a functional change was observed in mechanical factors after heating. A hard shale sample comprising small grains exhibited a significant decrease in strength and noticeable increase in hardness after heating. On the other hand, shale comprising larger crystal grains exhibited an increase in both strength and hardness values. Moreover, smoother surfaces were observed through SEM analysis in both samples after heating. These results lead us to the conclusion that the heating process, especially in the case of harder shale with higher strength values, might have modified material properties such as flaking characteristics as well as functional attributes that are relevant to hardness.

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“…Finegrained cherts become altered at lower temperatures and suffer more thermal shock than coarse-grained ones (Mandeville 1971). Chert protected from direct heat, even if insulated by as little as one to two centimeters of sand or other material, is less susceptible to thermal shock than unprotected pieces (Flenniken and Garrison 1975;Perkins 1985). Buenger found that chert nodules were prone to thermal fracturing "when the upper surfaces are precipitously heated to approximately 550 °C [(1022 °F)] for 20 seconds, and when the temperature between the upper and lower surfaces approaches or exceeds 60 percent" (2003).…”

Section: Flaked Stone ___________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on cultural resources and archaeology

Ryan¹,

Jones²,

Koerner³

et al. 2012

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This state-of-knowledge review provides a synthesis of the effects of fire on cultural resources, which can be used by fire managers, cultural resource (CR) specialists, and archaeologists to more effectively manage wildland vegetation, fuels, and fire. The goal of the volume is twofold: (1) to provide cultural resource/archaeological professionals and policy makers with a primer on fuels, fire behavior, and fire effects to enable them to work more effectively with the fire management community to protect resources during fuels treatment and restoration projects and wildfire suppression activities; and (2) to provide fire and land management professionals and policy makers with a greater understanding of the value of cultural resource protection and the methods available to evaluate and mitigate risks to CR. The synthesis provides a conceptual fire effects framework for planning, managing, and modeling fire effects (chapter1) and a primer on fire and fuel processes and fire effects prediction modeling (chapter 2). A synthesis of the effects of fire on various cultural resource materials is provided for ceramics (chapter 3), lithics (chapter 4), rock art (chapter 5), historic-period artifacts/materials (chapter 6), and below-ground features (chapter 7). Chapter 8 discusses the importance of cultural landscapes to indigenous peoples and emphasizes the need to actively involve native people in the development of collaborative management plans. The use and practical implications of this synthesis are the subject of the final chapter (chapter 9).Keywords: cultural resources, heritage resources, archaeology, fire regime, fire environment, fuels management, fire management, fire planning, wildfire, prescribed fire, First-Order fire effects, Second-Order fire effects, Third-Order fire effects, Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation (BAER), fire severity, traditional cultural knowledge (TKE), cultural landscapesTo order, check any box or boxes below, fill in the address form, and send to the mailing address listed below. Or send your order and your address in mailing label form to one of the other listed media.RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 1. Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on fauna. Send to: ________________________________________________________________________________ Name RMRS-GTR ________________________________________________________________________________ AddressYou may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media. Please specify the publication title and number. Publishing ServicesTelephone ( Summary ____________________________________Cultural resources refer to the physical evidence of human occupations that cultural resource specialists and archaeologists use to reconstruct the past. This includes the objects, locations, and landscapes that play a significant role in the history or cultural traditions of a group of people. Cultural resources include artifacts of historical significance left by prehistoric aboriginal p...

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Thermally Altered Novaculite and Stone Tool Manufacturing Techniques

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

El tratamiento térmico en rocas silíceas, un procedimiento técnico para la talla

El tratamiento térmico en rocas silíceas, un procedimiento técnico para la talla

Experimental Study on Heat Alteration of Palaeolithic Material: Preliminary Results from Shale in the Northeastern Region of Japan

Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on cultural resources and archaeology

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