Thermally drawn rechargeable battery fiber enables pervasive power

Khudiyev, Tural; Grena, Benjamin; Loke, Gabriel; Hou, Chong; Jang, Hyeonji; Lee, Jinhyuk; Noel, Grace H.; Alain, Juliette; Joannopoulos, John D.; Xu, Kang; Ju, Li; Fink, Yoel; Lee, Jung Tae

doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2021.11.020

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…[94][95][96] Very recently, the preform-to-fiber thermal drawing was used to prepare fiber FLBs with ultralong length (140 m), and the results are shown in Figure 4. 80 As illustrated in Figure 4A,B, the cathode (LiFePO 4 ), anode (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ), and electrolyte (1 M LiTFSI in polyvinylidene fluoride [PVDF]) preform gels were first heated in the preform holder at 200°C for homogenization and fed with tungsten or copper wires (to improve the conductivity of long fibers) in a draw tower furnace under continuous N 2 gas flow. After that, they were scaled down into segregated fiber cathode, anode, and electrolyte domains through the phase separation process at a lower temperature.…”

Section: Nature-inspired Fiber Flbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preform‐to‐fiber thermal drawing approach demonstrates an attractive method for large‐scale fiber production with more than 100 million kilometers of fiber manufactured per year using the same method and also provides the ability to combine multiple materials into complex fiber structures 94–96 . Very recently, the preform‐to‐fiber thermal drawing was used to prepare fiber FLBs with ultralong length (140 m), and the results are shown in Figure 4 80 . As illustrated in Figure 4A,B, the cathode (LiFePO 4 ), anode (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ), and electrolyte (1 M LiTFSI in polyvinylidene fluoride [PVDF]) preform gels were first heated in the preform holder at 200°C for homogenization and fed with tungsten or copper wires (to improve the conductivity of long fibers) in a draw tower furnace under continuous N 2 gas flow.…”

Section: Nature‐inspired Fiber Flbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(C–F) Microstructure characterization of the thermal drawn fiber FLBs. (G) Digital image of the thermal drawn fiber FLB rolls with the length of 140 m. Reproduced with permission: Copyright 2021, Elsevier 80 …”

Section: Nature‐inspired Fiber Flbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nature‐inspired materials and designs for flexible lithium‐ion batteries

Wang¹,

Chan

Zhu³

et al. 2022

Carbon Energy

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Flexible lithium-ion batteries (FLBs) are of critical importance to the seamless power supply of flexible and wearable electronic devices. However, the simultaneous acquirements of mechanical deformability and high energy density remain a major challenge for FLBs. Through billions of years of evolutions, many plants and animals have developed unique compositional and structural characteristics, which enable them to have both high mechanical deformability and robustness to cope with the complex and stressful environment. Inspired by nature, many new materials and designs emerge recently to achieve mechanically flexible and high storage capacity of lithiumion batteries at the same time. Here, we summarize these novel FLBs inspired by natural and biological materials and designs. We first give a brief introduction to the fundamentals and challenges of FLBs. Then, we highlight the latest achievements based on nature inspiration, including fiber-shaped FLBs, origami and kirigami-derived FLBs, and the nature-inspired structural designs in FLBs. Finally, we discuss the current status, remaining challenges, and future opportunities for the development of FLBs. This concise yet focused review highlights current inspirations in FLBs and wishes to broaden our view of FLB materials and designs, which can be directly "borrowed" from nature.

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Section: Nature-inspired Fiber Flbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nature‐inspired Fiber Flbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nature‐inspired materials and designs for flexible lithium‐ion batteries

Wang¹,

Chan

Zhu³

et al. 2022

Carbon Energy

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“…Among the multipicity of fiber fabrication approaches, thermal drawing offers versatility to combine disparate classes of materials (polymers, metals, and semiconductors) and create arbitrary cross‐sectional geometries, [ 34,35 ] enabling fiber functionalities ranging from light detection [ 36 ] and energy storage [ 37,38 ] to biosensing. [ 39 ] While many of these devices use solid metal conductors, none exhibit an appreciable elastic range since the metal wires emerging from the draw process are straight due to the extensional flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31] However, applying structural elasticity in fiber devices appears to be incommensurate with their fabrication since high-throughput fiber fabrication processes (extrusion, melt-spinning, and thermal drawing), are typically associated with high elongation, which manifests in alignment of components in the axial direction of the fiber. [32,33] Among the multipicity of fiber fabrication approaches, thermal drawing offers versatility to combine disparate classes of materials (polymers, metals, and semiconductors) and create arbitrary cross-sectional geometries, [34,35] enabling fiber functionalities ranging from light detection [36] and energy storage [37,38] to biosensing. [39] While many of these devices use solid metal conductors, none exhibit an appreciable elastic range since the metal wires emerging from the draw process are straight due to the extensional flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally Drawn Highly Conductive Fibers with Controlled Elasticity

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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bare interconnects with regular yarns or attaching devices to the surface of fabrics, encapsulating both electrodes and devices within the cladding of a single fiber confers mechanical and moisture protection while allowing increased electrode and device density. However achieving device functionality at the single fiber level requires high electrical conductivity (>10 6 S m −1 ) without compromising elasticity. It is important to emphasize that elasticity is necessary for the fiber to withstand the fabric construction process in weaving [10] and knitting, [11] and also for daily use. [12] Studies have explored polymer nanocomposites, conductive polymers [13][14][15] and liquid metals, [16,17] to couple conductivity and elasticity at the fiber level. Despite these recent advances, the challenge of creating a fiber that is highly elastic and highly conductive remains largely unmet.We note that the structure of a fabric, in particular in knits, is routinely used to impart elasticity on the fabric level. [12,18] Similarly, structurebased elasticity has been leveraged extensively in stretchable electronics, [19,20] where thin metal traces in shapes of serpentines, [21][22][23][24] wrinkles, [25][26][27] and helices [24,28,29] have been attached to, or embedded in an elastomeric matrix. Upon stretching, the metal deforms through bending, allowing for tens of percent of reversible strain without impairing the conductivity.Electronic fabrics necessitate both electrical conductivity and, like any textile, elastic recovery. Achieving both requirements on the scale of a single fiber remains an unmet need. Here, two approaches for achieving conductive fibers (10 7 S m −1 ) reaching 50% elongation while maintaining minimal change in resistance (<0.5%) in embedded metallic electrodes are introduced. The first approach involves inducing a buckling instability in a metal microwire within a cavity of a thermally drawn elastomer fiber. The second approach relies on twisting an elastomer fiber to yield helical metal electrodes embedded in a stretchable yarn. The scalability of both approaches is illustrated in apparatuses for continuous buckling and twisting that yield tens of meters of elastic conducting fibers. Through experimental and analytical methods, it is elucidated how geometric parameters, such as buckling pre-strain and helical angle, as well as materials choice, control not only the fiber's elasticity but also its Young's modulus. Links between mechanical and electrical properties are exposed. The resulting fibers are used to construct elastic fabrics that contain diodes, by weaving and knitting, thus demonstrating the scalable fabrication of conformable and stretchable antennas that support optical data transmission.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202201081.

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Toward Flexible Embodied Energy: Scale‐Inspired Overlapping Lithium‐Ion Batteries with High‐Energy‐Density and Variable Stiffness

Bao

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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High performance flexible batteries are essential ingredients for flexible devices. However, general isolated flexible batteries face critical challenges in developing multifunctional embodied energy systems, owing to the lack of integrative design. Herein, inspired by scales in creatures, overlapping flexible lithium‐ion batteries (FLIBs) consisting of energy storage scales and connections using LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) and graphite electrodes are presented. The scale‐dermis structure ensures a high energy density of 374.4 Wh L−1 as well as a high capacity retention of 93.2% after 200 charge/discharge cycles and 40 000 bending times. A variable stiffness property is revealed that can be controlled by battery configurations and deformation modes. Furthermore, the overlapping FLIBs can be housed directly into the architecture of several flexible devices, such as robots and grippers, allowing to create multifunctionalities that go far beyond energy storage and include load‐bearing and variable flexibility. This study broadens the versatility of FLIBs toward energy storage structure engineering of flexible devices.

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Thermally drawn rechargeable battery fiber enables pervasive power

Cited by 48 publications

References 49 publications

Nature‐inspired materials and designs for flexible lithium‐ion batteries

Nature‐inspired materials and designs for flexible lithium‐ion batteries

Thermally Drawn Highly Conductive Fibers with Controlled Elasticity

Toward Flexible Embodied Energy: Scale‐Inspired Overlapping Lithium‐Ion Batteries with High‐Energy‐Density and Variable Stiffness

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