Thermally induced deactivation of lithium-ion batteries using temperature-responsive interfaces

Jiang, Han; Emmett, Robert K.; Roberts, Mark

doi:10.1007/s11581-019-02936-3

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A major advantage of thermal treatments comprises a safe cell deactivating, thus contributing to risk mitigation in the context of fire incidents. This thermal runaway can occur, for example, during scrap transport, storing, but also by mechanical processing due to this mechanical, electrical or thermal abuse [17]. Several studies report the second advantage of thermal pretreatments, namely an improved detaching of black mass from the cell´s current collector foils [7,16,[18][19][20][21].…”

Section: State-of-the-art In Recycling Li-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early-Stage Recovery of Lithium from Tailored Thermal Conditioned Black Mass Part I: Mobilizing Lithium via Supercritical CO2-Carbonation

Schwich

Schubert

Friedrich

2021

Metals

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In the frame of global demand for electrical storage based on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), their recycling with a focus on the circular economy is a critical topic. In terms of political incentives, the European legislative is currently under revision. Most industrial recycling processes target valuable battery components, such as nickel and cobalt, but do not focus on lithium recovery. Especially in the context of reduced cobalt shares in the battery cathodes, it is important to investigate environmentally friendly and economic and robust recycling processes to ensure lithium mobilization. In this study, the method early-stage lithium recovery (“ESLR”) is studied in detail. Its concept comprises the shifting of lithium recovery to the beginning of the chemo-metallurgical part of the recycling process chain in comparison to the state-of-the-art. In detail, full NCM (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide)-based electric vehicle cells are thermally treated to recover heat-treated black mass. Then, the heat-treated black mass is subjected to an H2O-leaching step to examine the share of water-soluble lithium phases. This is compared to a carbonation treatment with supercritical CO2, where a higher extent of lithium from the heat-treated black mass can be transferred to an aqueous solution than just by H2O-leaching. Key influencing factors on the lithium yield are the filter cake purification, the lithium separation method, the solid/liquid ratio, the pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere, and the setup of autoclave carbonation, which can be performed in an H2O-environment or in a dry autoclave environment. The carbonation treatments in this study are reached by an autoclave reactor working with CO2 in a supercritical state. This enables selective leaching of lithium in H2O followed by a subsequent thermally induced precipitation as lithium carbonate. In this approach, treatment with supercritical CO2 in an autoclave reactor leads to lithium yields of up to 79%.

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Section: State-of-the-art In Recycling Li-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure17. Lithium yields obtained by autoclave carbonation with a solid/liquid ratio of 1:10 for trials series 2.A (T0-T3, blue), 2.O (T4-T6, orange) and 2.C (T7-9, violet).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-Stage Recovery of Lithium from Tailored Thermal Conditioned Black Mass Part I: Mobilizing Lithium via Supercritical CO2-Carbonation

Schwich

Schubert

Friedrich

2021

Metals

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“…In a more convenient approach, the thermal-triggered ionic blocking effect was demonstrated by directly adding certain thermal responsive polymers into the liquid electrolytes. [65][66][67] At normal temperatures, these thermal responsive polymers are soluble in the solvents of liquid electrolytes, which do not influence ion conductions of the electrolytes. Once the battery temperature increases beyond the lower-critical solution temperature (LCST) of the thermal responsive polymers, they tend to separate from the liquid electrolytes and form a solid film at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces.…”

Section: Thermal-responsive Liquid Electrolytes Based On Phase Transition Of Polymer Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later in 2019, the temperature-triggered phase transition was demonstrated in a frequently used organic co-solvent (ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate)-based liquid electrolyte, by adopting a copolymer of poly(2-chloroethyl vinyl etheralt-maleic anhydride)/poly(CVE-MA). [67] Moreover, the thermal shutdown temperature of the organic solvent-based liquid electrolyte was further reduced to 80 °C.…”

Section: Thermal-responsive Liquid Electrolytes Based On Phase Transition Of Polymer Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal‐Responsive and Fire‐Resistant Materials for High‐Safety Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Li¹,

Wang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2021

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is due to their high specific energy density, long cycling lifespan, and portability. [7][8][9][10] Currently, state-of-the-art LIBs (without packaging materials) can achieve a high specific energy density of ≈250 Wh kg −1 . Next-generation LiS and Li-air systems can further increase the battery energy densities beyond 600 and 900 Wh kg −1 , respectively. [11,12] With the energy density increasing, more attention should be paid to the safety of LIBs, as the chemical energy can be abruptly released in the forms of fires and explosions once the battery is not properly handled. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Currently, the safety issues are also regarded as one of the significant challenging barriers that limit the widespread adoption of LIBs for modern electrical vehicles. [19,20] A typical lithium-ion cell is composed of an anode, a cathode, liquid electrolytes, and a separator, [1] as illustrated in Figure 1A. The active materials are mixed with polymer binders and conductive carbon additives and then coated onto aluminum and copper foil current collectors to make the cathode and anode, respectively. Layered, spinel, and polyanion-type lithium-transitional metal oxides and phosphates including LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 , and their derivatives (LiMn x Ni y O 4 , LiNi 1−y−z Mn y Co z O 2 , etc.) have been used as cathode materials for LIBs due to their high lithium intercalation capacity and potential. [5] Graphite is the most frequently used anode material for LIBs because of its high abundance, low cost, and good reversibility. [21,22] Other materials such as carbon, [23] silicon, [24][25][26] and transition metal oxides-based materials with various structures and compositions have been studied as anodes for LIBs. [27][28][29] Some of them show promising capacity but there are still many challenges in scaled-up productions and practical applications. [30,31] For details of studies on structural design and performance optimization of the LIB anode materials, readers may refer to a comprehensive review published recently. [32] The liquid electrolyte provides a medium for fast Li + ions transport. [33,34] The separator is applied to prevent direct contact between the cathode and anode while permitting the ion transfer. [35][36][37][38] During the charging process, Li + ions are deintercalated from the cathode host and insert into the anode. On discharge, Li + ions migrate reversely from the above process, and electrons pass through the external circuit, supplying electricity [1] (Figure 1A). A passivation layer of solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) is generated on the anode surface during the initial few charging cycles, As one of the most efficient electrochemical energy storage devices, the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been extensively improved in the past several decades. However, with increased energy density, the safety risk of LIBs becomes higher too. The frequently occurred battery accidents worldwide remind us that safeness is a crucial requirement for LIBs, especially in environments ...

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Review on the recycling of anode graphite from waste lithium-ion batteries

Islam,

Kushwaha,

Misra

2024

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Thermally induced deactivation of lithium-ion batteries using temperature-responsive interfaces

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Early-Stage Recovery of Lithium from Tailored Thermal Conditioned Black Mass Part I: Mobilizing Lithium via Supercritical CO2-Carbonation

Early-Stage Recovery of Lithium from Tailored Thermal Conditioned Black Mass Part I: Mobilizing Lithium via Supercritical CO2-Carbonation

Thermal‐Responsive and Fire‐Resistant Materials for High‐Safety Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Review on the recycling of anode graphite from waste lithium-ion batteries

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