Thermally induced phase transition in crystalline lead phthalocyanine films investigated by XRD and atomic force microscopy

Ottaviano, L.; Lozzi, L.; Phani, A.R.; Ciattoni, Alessandro; Santucci, S.; Nardo, S. Di

doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(98)00315-8

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The RMS roughness of the as-deposited film is 3.32 nm. Note that the film morphology is similar to those of other metal phthalocyanines deposited at room temperature [33][34][35]. However, it is seen from Fig.…”

Section: Afm Studies Of the Morphology Of Pcgacl And (Pcga) 2 O Filmssupporting

confidence: 62%

Molecular organization in the thin films of gallium(III) phthalocyanine chloride and its μ-(oxo)dimer: Optical spectroscopy and XPS study

Basova

Latteyer

Peisert

et al. 2014

Applied Surface Science

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Section: Afm Studies Of the Morphology Of Pcgacl And (Pcga) 2 O Filmssupporting

confidence: 62%

Molecular organization in the thin films of gallium(III) phthalocyanine chloride and its μ-(oxo)dimer: Optical spectroscopy and XPS study

Basova

Latteyer

Peisert

et al. 2014

Applied Surface Science

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“…MPcs have been studied by a myriad of techniques on many different substrates. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Their semiconducting and optical properties have motivated several studies of MPc-based devices such as organic light emitting diodes, 31 photovoltaics, 32 field-effect transistors, 33 and sensors, 34 but they are also of general interest for optoelectronics, 35 organic electronics, 36 and magnetism. 14,[37][38][39] The information typically obtained by -2 x-ray diffraction studies that utilize modeling is limited to electron density, thickness, and roughness of organic thin film materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative structural analysis of organic thin films: An x-ray diffraction study

et al. 2005

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The SUPREX thin film refinement of x-ray diffraction ͑XRD͒ was used to quantitatively analyze the structure of thermally evaporated iron phthalocyanine ͑FePc͒ organic thin films as a function of growth temperature and postdeposition in situ annealing time. A bilayer model was necessary to refine the FePc XRD data. Results using this model provide clear evidence that the first molecular layer of FePc contacting the sapphire substrate differs from the subsequent uniformly spaced molecular layers, indicating a Stranski-Krastanov growth mode. The ␣-to-␤ structural phase transformation of FePc was observed as a function of substrate temperature. No significant effect of postdeposition in situ annealing time was observed. Atomic force microscopy ͑AFM͒ measurements reveal a temperature-dependent morphology as the FePc changes from grains, to extended films, and finally shows crystallite formation for increasing deposition temperature. Structural characteristics obtained by SUPREX refinement and AFM quantitatively agree for surface roughness and average molecular layer spacing.

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“…LiPc demonstrates an "anomalous" temperature depen dence of the intraphase transition, in which the electrostatic component Li + -macrocycle also dominates [10,38]. For many MPcs, prolonged thermal exposure can lead to thermal degradation or the formation of polymeric phthalocyanine structures, which were found in several studies [14,20,27,38,39]. In the case of phthalocyanine films, the volume of the crystallites is also important.…”

Section: Thermal Effect On Mpcsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recently, MPcs are increasingly required for practical application; however, their high cost contributes to the development of studies on the metal phthalocyanine films having a crystalline [13,14] or polycrys talline structure [15,16]. The formation of α and β polymorphs is also characteristic for thin MPc layers.…”

Section: Polymorphic Forms Of Mpcs and Their Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphism and molecular metal phthalocyanine complexes

2012

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Generalized data and new results characterizing the molecular metal phthalocyanine com plexes with electron donor and π-π complexing agents are presented. It is shown that the crystalline packing of pseudopolymorphs formed by molecular complexes of metal phthalocyanine : ligand = 1 : 2 is similar to the packing of molecules of metal phthalocyanine in the β polymorphic form, while the molecular complex (1 : 1) shows similarity to the α polymorph. The topography of films based on axial and π-π complexes Zn(tert Bu) 4 Pc is evaluated. It is shown that the surface of films based on biligand complexes is generally smooth, flat, and dense, although there are some rather large crystal lites. The topography of the films is not regular, because the π stacking axis of the pseudopolymorphs of β crystallites is situated perpendicularly to the substrate. Films obtained on the basis of monoligand complexes are layered; the layers are perpendicular to the substrate, and the topography of the film is regular, because the π stacking axis of the pseudopolymorphs of α crystallites is parallel to the quartz substrate. An alternative way to obtain metal phthalocyanines of a given polymorphic modification is discussed.

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Thermally induced phase transition in crystalline lead phthalocyanine films investigated by XRD and atomic force microscopy

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Molecular organization in the thin films of gallium(III) phthalocyanine chloride and its μ-(oxo)dimer: Optical spectroscopy and XPS study

Molecular organization in the thin films of gallium(III) phthalocyanine chloride and its μ-(oxo)dimer: Optical spectroscopy and XPS study

Quantitative structural analysis of organic thin films: An x-ray diffraction study

Polymorphism and molecular metal phthalocyanine complexes

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