Thermally induced strains and stresses in cast iron water distribution pipes: an experimental investigation

Jesson, DA; Page, B. Le; Mulheron, M.; Smith, PA; Wallen, Anna; Cocks, Robert A.; Farrow, Jeff; Whiter, J. T.

doi:10.2166/aqua.2010.078

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Longitudinal stress placed on a pipe will typically result in circumferential cracks that are caused by pipe bending Talbot, 70 and/or by temperature changes that result in axial tension. 71 Bending may be the result of environmental factors, which include changes in water temperature, expansive soils, differential settlement, ground movement, bedding loss, and rock impingement. Pipes that have a diameter of less than 200 mm are more susceptible to circumferential cracks, which are the cause of 80% of all failures.…”

Section: Circumferential Cracksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation mechanisms associated with metal pipes and the effective impact of LDMs and LLMs in water transport and distribution

Agala

Khan

Starr

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The effective operation of water management systems is contingent upon leak localization and detection – a common problem that is more acute in large networks. This paper reviews the salient literature in this context and demonstrates the effectiveness of leakage location methods (LLMs) and leakage detection methods (LDMs). Although there is a significant amount of literature that discusses leakage localization and detection technologies, an academic lacuna still exists concerning the linkage between degradation mechanisms and LDMs and do not cover or connect past efforts from the start of a degradation mechanism that leads to changes in the mechanical strength (such as a reduction in fracture toughness) of pipes and results in crack propagation and leakage. This review focuses on these issues in the context of degradation mechanisms and common detection methods.

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Section: Circumferential Cracksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation mechanisms associated with metal pipes and the effective impact of LDMs and LLMs in water transport and distribution

Agala

Khan

Starr

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…Water leakage has become a major problem around the world, with most lost in the distribution system to customers (Jesson et al 2017;Zhou et al 2019). Water pipe deterioration is one of the causes of water leakages, which affects water supply services and increases the risk of bacterial and pollutant contamination in the water distribution system (Fontanazza et al 2015;Duan 2018;Del Teso et al 2019;Stephens et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of data variations on the leakage detection model performance using a convolutional neural network (CNN)

Caronge,

Arai,

Ito

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In recent years, leakage detection models using artificial intelligence have been widely used by researchers. In this study, acoustic sound data were recorded at 10 observation points, focusing on ductile iron pipe and vinyl polyethylene. Leakage detection models were built using recurrence plots (RPs) and a convolutional neural network (CNN). Using the same number of RPs for training data and testing data, we analyzed the effect of data variations on model performance. The results showed that our proposed approach can improve accuracy at several points, although the amount of training data information was advantageous in previous work. There were cases in previous work that had poor accuracy, but when implementing our proposed approach, it improved the accuracy to over 80% when using the 8-point model. The increase in accuracy depends on which interval is used in the test data because each interval contains information about different properties. For multi-point models, the effect of increasing the number of RPs and data variations was not clarified in the previous work. However, our study confirmed that the increase in data variation contributed more than the RP number.

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“…Using un-corroded pipes means artificial corrosion pit geometries can be added in a controlled way. Exhumed pipes are typically ≥76.2 mm nominal diameter and in variable states of deterioration, sometimes featuring deep corrosion pits or through-wall cracks [10], [11]. Newly manufactured GCI water pipes without corrosion would be more suitable but unfortunately new GCI water pipes are no longer widely manufactured because ductile iron, steel, and plastic pipes are used in new installations [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating an alternative to exhumed grey cast iron water pipes for small-scale fatigue tests

John,

Boxall,

Collins

et al. 2022

Proceedings - 2nd International Join Conference on Water Distribution System Analysis (WDSA)& Computing and Control in the

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Reducing and preventing leakage is a priority for water distribution network managers in many countries, including the UK. Understanding the mechanisms that cause leaks to form, and developing the ability to model these processes, will enable proactive replacement of water pipes before they start to leak. Smaller diameter Grey Cast Iron (GCI) water pipes are understood to experience biaxial, repeating loads, so fatigue cracking may be a cause of leakage for these pipes. To investigate this fatigue cracking mechanism a small-scale biaxial fatigue experiment is under development at The University of Sheffield. A large number of small diameter, un-corroded GCI pipes are needed to serve as specimens for this experiment. Therefore, in this work off-the-shelf BS416-2 DN 50 mm soil pipes are explored as an alternative to using exhumed pipes, which are often corroded and ≥76.2 mm diameter. The graphite microstructure and tensile stress-strain behaviour of a BS416-2 pipe were characterised and compared with literature data for exhumed spun-cast GCI water pipes, and a good agreement was found. This work concluded that BS 416-2 soil pipes can be used to represent spun-cast GCI water pipes in small-scale destructive experiments.

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Thermally induced strains and stresses in cast iron water distribution pipes: an experimental investigation

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Degradation mechanisms associated with metal pipes and the effective impact of LDMs and LLMs in water transport and distribution

Degradation mechanisms associated with metal pipes and the effective impact of LDMs and LLMs in water transport and distribution

The effect of data variations on the leakage detection model performance using a convolutional neural network (CNN)

Investigating an alternative to exhumed grey cast iron water pipes for small-scale fatigue tests

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