Thermally regenerative electrochemically cycled flow batteries with pH neutral electrolytes for harvesting low-grade heat

Qian, Xin; Shin, Jungwoo; Tu, Yaodong; Zhang, James Han; Chen, Gang

doi:10.1039/d1cp01988k

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The performances of TRECs reported in Figure 2 are from ref. [19], a paper that thoroughly discusses the efficiency of a TREC‐FB; typically the other reported TRECs have even lower power density and the efficiency has been evaluated only under quite theoretical and ideal conditions.…”

Section: Description Of the Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The table shows various chemistries: copper hexacyanoferrate and Cu/Cu 2+ ; [ 37 ] Fe(CN) 6 3‐/4‐ and Prussian blue; [ 38 ] nickel hexacyanoferrate and Ag/AgCl; [ 39 ] and a flow battery scheme with KI/KI 3 and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 /K 4 Fe(CN) 6 electrolytes. [ 19 ]…”

Section: Improvements In Electrode Materials For Trecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4 reports the results of ref. [19], which gives a reliable assessment of the efficiency; the same data are used to calculate the value of e reported in Table 4.…”

Section: Improvements In Electrode Materials For Trecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By inspecting Figure 4, it can be noticed that the intrinsic efficiency is much smaller than its Carnot limit, Equation (5): actually, the value of e evaluated from the data of ref. [19] (a TREC‐FB) is quite small, only 7%. Improvements, leading to an increased value of e, are possible; it is however necessary to take into consideration the effect of parasitic reactions, which strongly affect the performances are thus now discussed.…”

Section: Improvements In Electrode Materials For Trecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Methods for Exploiting Low‐Temperature Heat Sources: Challenges in Material Research

Brogioli

Mantia

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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stationary non-imaging optics [1] coupled with vacuum tubes and selective adsorbers. [2] ii) Household co-generation or "combined heat and power" generation, that is, the efficient simultaneous room heating and production of electrical current by using fossil fuels, can be performed at household-scale. [3] Household applications involve heat released at low temperature. iii) Low-temperature geothermal heat: Geothermal sources below 100 °C are abundant all over the world [4] and could be tapped by drilling relatively shallow wells.

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Section: Description Of the Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Improvements In Electrode Materials For Trecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4 reports the results of ref. [19], which gives a reliable assessment of the efficiency; the same data are used to calculate the value of e reported in Table 4.…”

Section: Improvements In Electrode Materials For Trecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Improvements In Electrode Materials For Trecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Methods for Exploiting Low‐Temperature Heat Sources: Challenges in Material Research

Brogioli

Mantia

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…The same chemistry has been reported by Qian et al . recently 19 , and has shown promise for heat to power recovery. In this work, we report a higher temperature coefficient and power density, by changing the concentrations of the electrolytes and using a KCl supporting electrolyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-electrochemical redox flow cycle for continuous conversion of low-grade waste heat to power

Bleeker

Reichert

Veerman³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Here we assess the route to convert low grade waste heat (< 100 °C) into electricity by leveraging the temperature dependency of redox potentials, similar to the Seebeck effect in semiconductor physics. We use fluid-based redox-active species, which can be easily heated and cooled using heat exchangers. By using a first principles approach, we designed a redox flow battery system with Fe(CN)63−/Fe(CN)64− and I−/I3− chemistry. We evaluate the continuous operation with one flow cell at high temperature and one at low temperature. We show that the most sensitive parameter, the temperature coefficient of the redox reaction, can be controlled via the redox chemistry, the reaction quotient and solvent additives, and we present the highest temperature coefficient for this RFB chemistry. A power density of 0.6 W/m2 and stable operation for 2 h are achieved experimentally. We predict high (close to Carnot) heat-to-power efficiencies if challenges in the heat recuperation and Ohmic resistance are overcome, and the temperature coefficient is further increased.

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Efficient Low‐Grade Heat Conversion and Storage with an Activity‐Regulated Redox Flow Cell via a Thermally Regenerative Electrochemical Cycle

et al. 2022

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Efficient and cost‐effective technologies are highly desired to convert the tremendous amount of low‐grade waste heat to electricity. Although the thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle (TREC) has attracted increasing attention recently, the unsatisfactory thermal‐to‐electrical conversion efficiency and low power density limit its practical applications. In this work, a thermosensitive Nernstian‐potential‐driven strategy in the TREC system is demonstrated to boost its temperature coefficient, power density, and thermoelectric conversion efficiency by rationally regulating the activities of redox couples at different temperatures. With a Zn anode and [Fe(CN)6]4−/3−‐guanidinium as the catholyte, the TREC flow cell presents an unprecedented average temperature coefficient of −3.28 mV K−1, and achieves an absolute thermoelectric efficiency of 25.1% and apparent thermoelectric efficiency of 14.9% relative to the Carnot efficiency in the temperature range of 25–50 °C at 1 mA cm−2. In addition, a thermoelectric power density of 1.98 mW m−2 K−2 is demonstrated, which is more than 7 times the highest power density of reported TREC systems. This activity regulation strategy can inspire research into high‐efficiency and high‐power TREC devices for practical low‐grade heat harnessing.

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Thermally regenerative electrochemically cycled flow batteries with pH neutral electrolytes for harvesting low-grade heat

Abstract: Harvesting waste heat with temperatures lower than 100 ℃ can improve system efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emission, yet it has been a longstanding and challenging task. Electrochemical methods for...

Cited by 36 publications

References 59 publications

Electrochemical Methods for Exploiting Low‐Temperature Heat Sources: Challenges in Material Research

Electrochemical Methods for Exploiting Low‐Temperature Heat Sources: Challenges in Material Research

Thermo-electrochemical redox flow cycle for continuous conversion of low-grade waste heat to power

Efficient Low‐Grade Heat Conversion and Storage with an Activity‐Regulated Redox Flow Cell via a Thermally Regenerative Electrochemical Cycle

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