Thermally resistant fibres

Horrocks, A. Richard; H, Eichhorn; Schwaenke, H; Saville, N; Thomas, Carroll

doi:10.1201/9781439823071.ch9

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Formaldehyde concentrations appeared to be greatest in off-gassing from new ensembles, which may be as a result of the formaldehyde used to manufacture the thermally resistant fibers from which structural fire fighting ensembles are made. (10) Of the acid gases measured, only hydrogen cyanide was consistently present in post-exposure air samples. Postexposure concentrations of eight PAH compounds appeared higher than concentrations observed pre-exposure, however no PAH compounds with molecular weights greater than 202 were detected above reportable limits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structural Fire Fighting Ensembles: Accumulation and Off-gassing of Combustion Products

Kirk¹,

Logan²

2015

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Firefighters may be exposed to toxic combustion products not only during fire fighting operations and training, but also afterwards as a result of contact with contaminated structural fire fighting ensembles. This study characterized the deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) onto structural fire fighting ensembles and off-gassing of combustion products from ensembles after multiple exposures to hostile structural attack fire environments. A variety of PAHs were deposited onto the outer layer of structural fire fighting ensembles, with no variation in deposition flux between new ensembles and already contaminated ensembles. Contaminants released from ensembles after use included volatile organic compounds, carbonyl compounds, low molecular weight PAHs, and hydrogen cyanide. Air samples collected in a similar manner after laundering of ensembles according to manufacturer specifications indicated that laundering returns off-gassing concentrations of most of the investigated compounds to pre-exposure levels. These findings suggest that contamination of firefighter protective clothing increases with use, and that storage of unlaundered structural fire fighting ensembles in small, unventilated spaces immediately after use may create a source of future exposure to toxic combustion products for fire fighting personnel.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structural Fire Fighting Ensembles: Accumulation and Off-gassing of Combustion Products

Kirk¹,

Logan²

2015

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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“…This article focuses on a new fibre blend of a cheap modacrylic fibre, a lyocell fibre that is much more sustainable than cotton [19], and a new polyacrylate fibre with an extreme LOI value of 40% and excellent water absorption. The blends were studied with respect to (1) the different linear density of the modacrylic fibres, (2) the structure of the ring-spun yarns produced by different processes, and (3) the different structure of the knitted fabrics. The quality of the yarns and the wetting time, absorption time, afterflame time, and afterglow time of the fabrics were investigated as important indicators of the suitability of the blends for flame-resistant underwear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firefighters, racecar drivers, oil refinery workers, and other professionals who are exposed to the risk of fire are recommended to wear clothing made of flame-resistant textile materials [ 1 ]. They often perform intensive physical activity at high environmental thermal radiation, which can reach a very high heat flux of up to 150 kW/m 2 , as is the case in a wildfire, with temperatures of up to 1700 °C [ 2 ] (p. 7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality of Fine Yarns from Modacrylic/Polyacrylate/Lyocell Blends Intended for Affordable Flame-Resistant Underwear

et al. 2023

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Flammability testing of undergarments is a topic that is often overlooked and rarely on the list of textiles to be tested for fire safety. However, it is particularly important for professionals exposed to fire risk to investigate the flammability of underwear as its direct contact with the skin can be critical to the extent and degree of skin burns. This research focuses on the suitability of affordable blends of 55 wt.% modacrylic, 15 wt.% polyacrylate, and 30 wt.% lyocell fibres that have the potential to be used for flame-resistant underwear. The influence of modacrylic fibre linear density (standard and microfibres), ring spinning processes (conventional, Sirospun, and compact), and knitted structure (plain, 2:1 rib, 2:1 tuck rib, single pique, and triple tuck) on their properties required for thermal comfort in high-temperature environments was investigated. Scanning electron and optical microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, mechanical testing, moisture regain, water sorption, wettability, absorption, DSC, TGA, and flammability were tested to assess the desired suitability. The wetting time (5–14.6 s) and water absorption time (4.6–21.4 s) of the knitted fabrics have shown excellent ability to transport and absorb water compared to the knitted fabrics created from a conventional blend of 65% modacrylic and 35% cotton fibres. The afterflame and afterglow times of less than 2 s met the criteria for non-flammability of the knitted fabrics according to the limited flame spread test method. The results show that the investigated blends have the potential to be used for affordable flame-retardant and thermally comfortable knitted fabrics for underwear.

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Oxidized (Cyclized) Polyacrylonitrile Fibres — Oxypan. A Review

Perepelkin

2003

Fibre Chemistry

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Thermally resistant fibres

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Structural Fire Fighting Ensembles: Accumulation and Off-gassing of Combustion Products

Structural Fire Fighting Ensembles: Accumulation and Off-gassing of Combustion Products

Quality of Fine Yarns from Modacrylic/Polyacrylate/Lyocell Blends Intended for Affordable Flame-Resistant Underwear

Oxidized (Cyclized) Polyacrylonitrile Fibres — Oxypan. A Review

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