Thermally Stable Energetic Salts Composed of Heterocyclic Anions and Cations Based on 3,6,7‐Triamino‐7 H‐s‐triazolo[5,1‐c]‐s‐triazole: Synthesis and Intermolecular Interaction Study

Abstract

To create intermolecular N−H⋅⋅⋅O and N−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen‐bond (HB) interactions, a series of energetic N‐heterocyclic anions including polynitro‐ and multi‐nitrogen anions were introduced into the 3,6,7‐triamino‐7 H‐s‐triazolo[5,1‐c]‐s‐triazole (TATT) cation to get numerous novel energetic salts. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction was employed to confirm the crystal structure and crystal packing properties of compounds 2⋅H2O, 6, and 9. Additionally, Hirshfeld surface analysis and atoms‐in‐molecules topology analysis provided insights into the intermolecular hydrogen‐bond interaction of these new salts. With the assistance of the EXPLO5 program, the detonation velocities, detonation pressures, and specific impulses of the salts were found to fall in the ranges 8113–9477 m s−1, 24.1–31.4 GPa, and 203.2–224.2 s, respectively. The predicted detonation performance indicate that all the energetic salts based on TATT are similar to those of 1,3,5‐trinitroperhydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) or even overtake octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX), which reveal that they can be candidates for the future insensitive high‐performance energetic materials (IHPEMs).

Fused heterocycle-based energetic materials (2012–2019)

“…11,12 Compound 2 and its salts exhibit outstanding thermal stabilities (209-395 C). The densities of the salts of 2 fall in the range between 1.66 and 2.20 g cm À3 , which places (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), respectively, with a molar ratio of 1 : 2 were obtained. 11 The amino groups in 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and 4-amino-1,2,4triazole are able to provide sufficient hydrogen bond donor character driving them to cocrystallization with 2.…”

Theoretical Investigation on Selected 3-Amino-5-[(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)amino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole Salts with Energetic Anions: A Perspective

“…Energetic salts are a numerous group of high-energy materials possessing high density, insensitive munition components, high thermostability, and propellants. Some popular representatives of known energetic salts are Ammonium picrate (Dunnite) [13][14][15], Ammonium perchlorate [16,17], Hydrazine nitroformate (HNF) [18][19][20], Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) [21][22][23][24][25], anionic salts [26][27][28], and TKX-50 (Dihydroxylammonium-5,5 ′ -bitetrazole-1,1 ′ -dioxide) [29][30][31][32][33] structures. Salt is a chemical compound consisting of an ionic aggregation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.…”

Theoretical study on initial decomposition paths of several [5,6,5]‐tricyclic, [5,7,5]‐tricyclic and [5,8,5]‐tricyclic heterocyclic energetic materials based on fused ring

“…At present, the main problem in the synthesis of energetic materials based fused ring is that there are few kinds of fused ring skeleton molecules that can be prepared, which limits the preparation of more types of energetic materials based fused ring [5]. In recent years, many high energy materials based on fused rings have been synthesized [3,4,[6][7][8][9][10][11]. In Figure 1, we mainly discuss the initial decomposition paths of [5,6,5]-Tricyclic, [5,7,5]-tricyclic and [5,8,5]-tricyclic heterocyclic energetic materials.…”