Thermally stable inverted perovskite solar cells using an electropolymerized Zn-porphyrin film as a dopant-free hole-transporting layer

Lan, Yangjie; Wang, Yu-Duan; Lan, Zhong-Rui; Wang, Yan; Cui, Binbin; Shao, Jiang‐Yang; Zhong, Yu‐Wu

doi:10.1039/d2ta09866k

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Based on this, Zhong and colleagues leveraged the exceptional thermal and chemical stability of porphyrins to develop a dopant-free zinc porphyrin (PZnP) electropolymerized film for inverted PSCs. 22 The hydrophobic nature of the PZnP film inhibited heterogeneous nucleation, which facilitated larger grain sizes and minimized defects in the perovskite film, culminating in an impressive efficiency of 19.75%. Recently, Wang et al also utilized electropolymerized MPors (M = H 2 , Zn, and Ni) as HTMs in inverted PSCs.…”

Section: Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines As Hole Transport Layers In P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Research Progress and Perspectives on Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Analogues for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Liu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are poised to surpass traditional silicon-based and thin-film photovoltaic technologies as a result of their impressive power conversion efficiencies. This review examines the integration of porphyrins and phthalocyanines in PSCs, compounds renowned for their robust optoelectronic properties and structural versatility. These macrocyclic compounds efficiently enhance PSC performance by facilitating improved charge transfer, broadening light absorption, and stabilizing the perovskite structure through the effective mitigation of ion migration. Typically employed as charge selective layers, porphyrins and phthalocyanines have also been incorporated within the perovskite photoactive layer to engineer two-dimensional perovskite structures and at interfaces to optimize surface energy levels. This review articulates how strategic doping and sensitization of these compounds aid in the crystallization and defect management of perovskite films, thereby boosting device efficiency and longevity. Moreover, the review elaborates on the design and development of these materials and concludes with prospective research avenues aimed at realizing highly efficient and durable PSCs. The advancements discussed highlight the significant potential of porphyrins and phthalocyanines as integral components in the next generation of photovoltaic devices.

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Section: Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines As Hole Transport Layers In P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Research Progress and Perspectives on Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Analogues for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Liu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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“…Zhong and co-workers also decided to evaluate the effectiveness of Zn-4a complex ( Figure 4 ), after being electropolymerized, as a dopant-free HTM in inverted MAPb(Cl 0.05 I 0.95 ) 3 PSCs ( Figure 5 ). 23 The Zn-4a complex was obtained in ca . 76% yield by reacting free-base 2a with diphenylamine under Buchwald–Hartwig conditions, followed by the metalation step.…”

Section: A 4 -Type Porphyrins As Htmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… PSC device structure and energy-level diagram using the electropolymerized complex Zn-4 as the HTM (figure adapted from ref ( 23 ) with permission from Royal Society of Chemistry). …”

Section: A 4 -Type Porphyrins As Htmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyrin-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Boosting Performance with Smart Synthesis

Reis,

Pereira,

Moura

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are becoming a promising and revolutionary advancement within the photovoltaic field globally. Continuous improvement in efficiency, straightforward processing methods, and use of lightweight and cost-effective materials represent superior features, among other notable aspects. Still, long-term stability and durability are issues to address to facilitate widespread commercial adoption and practical application prospects. Research has focused on overcoming these challenges, and charge transport materials play a critical role in determining charge dynamics, photovoltaic performance, and device stability. Conventional hole-transporting materials (HTMs), spiro-OMe-TAD and PTAA, contribute to remarkable power conversion efficiencies owing to high thin-film quality and matched energy alignment. However, they often show a high material cost, low carrier mobility, and poor stability, which greatly limit their practical applications. Now, this review outlines recent advances in synthetic approaches to porphyrin-based HTMs to tune the charge dynamics by optimizing their molecular structures and properties. The main structural features comprise porphyrins of A 4 -type, trans A 2 B 2 -type, and photosynthetic pigment analogues. Strategies include well-established routes to provide the required macrocycles, such as condensation of pyrrole or dipyrromethanes with suitable aldehydes, metalation of the porphyrin inner core, and postfunctionalization of peripheral positions. These functionalizations involve conventional procedures (e.g., halogenation, esterification, transesterification, nucleophilic oxidation, reduction, and nucleophilic substitution) as well as metal-catalyzed ones such as Suzuki−Miyaura, Sonogashira, Buchwald−Hartwig, and Ullmann cross-coupling reactions. As HTMs can also protect the perovskite layer from the external environment, porphyrin structures play a pivotal role in chemical, mechanical, and environmental stability, with their high hydrophobicity ability as the most significant parameter. The impact of porphyrins on the hole hopping of other HTMs while acting as an additive or an interlayer, passivating defects, and improving charge transport is also highlighted to provide real insights into ways to develop efficient and stable porphyrin-based materials for PSCs. This perspective aims to guide the scientific community in the design of new porphyrin molecules to place PSCs as an outperformer in photovoltaic technologies.

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“…[26] Very recently, Lan et al reported the electropolymeric zincporphyrin functionalized with triphenylamine groups to fabricate the dopant-free HTL for the inverted PSC. [27] Recently, we have successfully prepared carboxylfunctionalized polyprotoporphyrin films using electrochemical methods and applied them to the study of supercapacitors. [28] The electro-polymerized porphyrin films had good surface morphology and were suitable for use in photovoltaic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 26 ] Very recently, Lan et al reported the electropolymeric zincporphyrin functionalized with triphenylamine groups to fabricate the dopant‐free HTL for the inverted PSC. [ 27 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Polymerized Chlorophyll Films as Environmentally Friendly Hole‐Transporting Layers

Liu,

Zhang,

Yang

et al. 2023

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Hole‐transporting layers (HTLs) play a crucial role in the performance of inverted, p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Chlorophylls (Chls) are naturally abundant organic photoconductors on earth, with good charge carrier mobility and appropriate Fermi energy levels that make them promising candidates for use in photovoltaic devices. However, Chls films prepared using the solution method exhibit lower carrier mobility compared to other organic polymer films, which limits their application in PSCs. To address this issue, Chls molecules are chemically linked to reduce the charge transfer barrier, thus the transfer of charges between molecules is transformed to intramolecular charge transfer. This study synthesizes and characterizes two polymerized Chl films, PolyCuChl and PolyNiChl, as HTLs of CH3NH3PbI3‐based PSCs. PSCs based on the electrochemical polymerization of PolyChl HTLs demonstrate an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 19.0%, which is the highest efficiency among devices based on Chl materials. Furthermore, these devices demonstrated exceptional long‐term stability. These results highlight the potential of polymerized Chl films as a viable alternative to conventional HTLs in PSCs. The approach utilizes abundant, environmentally friendly, and versatile Chl derivatives, and can be extended to develop next‐generation HTL materials for improved PSC performance.

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Thermally stable inverted perovskite solar cells using an electropolymerized Zn-porphyrin film as a dopant-free hole-transporting layer

Abstract: Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved remarkably high efficiency (25.7%), their long-term stability still needs to be addressed for commercial applications. As an important part of PSCs, hole-transporting layer...

Cited by 12 publications

References 47 publications

Recent Research Progress and Perspectives on Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Analogues for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Recent Research Progress and Perspectives on Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Analogues for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Porphyrin-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Boosting Performance with Smart Synthesis

Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Polymerized Chlorophyll Films as Environmentally Friendly Hole‐Transporting Layers

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