Thermionic emission controller with PID algorithm

Thermionic Electron Beam Current and Accelerating Voltage Controller for Gas Ion Sources

“…The presented system represents the next step after the simple digital thermionic PID controller described in [ 21 ]. Table 1 contains a comparison of both systems.…”

“…Ie' is the digital According to above equation, the control system, for each value of the emission current I e and the cathode voltage V c over the whole operating range, automatically adjusts the anode circuit supply voltage V a to maintain a fixed value of the electron accelerating voltage, V and, finally, electron energy, E (see Equation ( 2)). Therefore, the proposed control system gives a precise value of the electron accelerating voltage, which is usually omitted in other reported circuits [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

“…Many control systems of thermionic electron sources established upon analogue [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] or digital [20,21] technology provide only emission or the trap current stabilization. The electron accelerating voltage is dependent on the cathode heating voltage and the voltage drop across the emission current sensing resistor (see Equation ( 3)).…”