Thermo‐chemical response of vinyl‐ester resin

Stone, M. A.; Fink, Bruce K.; Bogetti, Travis A.; Gillespie, J. W.

doi:10.1002/pen.11380

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[11][12][13][14][15] In most of them, the same conclusion has been drawn: with increasing temperature, Q I increases, whereas the residual heat decreases, and Q T is nearly constant within the temperature range studied. However, this is not the case for the reaction heats studied here.…”

Section: Heat Of Reactionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…These inhibitors needed to be depleted by the system before the reaction could begin. 11 Therefore, during the curing of the vinyl ester resins, there was an induction time, which can be seen from the DSC isothermal curing thermographs shown in Figure 3. The induction time and the exothermal peak time in the isothermal DSC thermograms could be used to evaluate the cure speed of the resin systems and provide instruction for molding processing.…”

Section: Induction Time and Exothermal Peak Timementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of initiators on the cure kinetics and mechanical properties of vinyl ester resins

Yang

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Initiators play an important role in the curing of vinyl ester resins. In this study, two kinds of initiators were used to investigate the effects of initiator systems on the cure kinetics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of vinyl ester resins. The reaction kinetics, investigated with isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), showed that the combination of different kinds of initiators could significantly decrease the induction times and exothermal peak times and increase the amount of isothermal reaction heat in comparison with a single-initiator system. The residual heat of the isothermal cure of vinyl ester resins, obtained by DSC, demonstrated the existence of microheterogeneity in the cured resins. The DSC data also showed that the highly crosslinked phase (the microgel phase) was more perfect for the resins cured with an initiator-combination system. No significant difference was observed in the mechanical properties of resins cured under different conditions, whereas the cure temperature had a great effect on the mechanical properties of cured resins.

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Section: Heat Of Reactionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Induction Time and Exothermal Peak Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of initiators on the cure kinetics and mechanical properties of vinyl ester resins

Yang

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…On vitrification the system, either a rubbery network or a viscous liquid (if vitrification precedes gelation), is transformed into a glassy state. The property change was shown to be closely related to the degree of cure of the resin (Stone et al, 2000;Flores et al, 2002). Here, the properties of the resin were assumed to be independent of the degree of cure and constant at the isothermal curing temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A micromechanical study of residual stress and its effect on transverse failure in polymer–matrix composites

Warrior

Long

2006

International Journal of Solids and Structures

118

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Cure residual stress and its effect on damage in unidirectional fibre-reinforced polymer-matrix composites under transverse loading were studied using a micromechanical unit cell model and the finite element method. The overall residual stress introduced from curing was determined by considering two contributions: volume shrinkage of matrix resin from the crosslink polymerization during isothermal curing and thermal contraction of both resin and fibre as a result of cooling from the curing temperature to room temperature. To examine the effect of residual stress on failure, a model based on the Maximum Principal Stress criterion and stiffness degradation technique was used for damage analysis of the unit cell subjected to mechanical loading after curing. Predicted damage initiation and evolution are clearly influenced by the inclusion of residual stress. Residual stress is always detrimental for transverse compressive loading and pure shear loading. For transverse tensile loading, residual stress is detrimental for relatively low resin strength and beneficial for relatively high resin strength. Failure envelopes were obtained for both biaxial normal loading and combined shear and normal loading and the results show that residual stress results in a shifting and contraction of the failure envelopes.

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“…Each aluminum The resin is narrower than the aluminum at 25 mm (1 in mm. Some styrene evaporation occurs during specimen prepamtion but is considered representative of the actual process as well as the techniques used to prepare samples for characterizing the cure kinetics and the cure dependent resin properties (6,9,10). The aluminum surface was prepared using a chromic acid etch to promote good bonding between the resin and aluminum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of the cure‐dependent response of vinyl ester resin

Flores

Gillespie

Bogetti

2002

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The objective of this research is to understand the influence of the thermochemical and thennomechanical material response of low temperature cured vinyl ester resin (DOW Derakane 41 1-C-50) on the development of residual stress and warpage during processing. The primary experimental technique is the bimaterial specimen experiment, in which the warpage of a bimaterial beam is used as a measure of residual stress. The bimaterial specimen experiment was developed to isolate the chemical and thermal contributions to curvature. Existing material models for shrinkage, modulus, and glass transition temperature as a function of cure were evaluated. These material models were used as input into the bimaterial equation for curvature prediction. The predicted curvatures were used along with the experimental curvatures to evaluate the material models and their ability to accurately describe the material response of the vinyl ester resin. Results showed that the model captured the overall experimental trend in curvature buildup during processing but overestimated the curvature fi-om chemical effects during isothermal cure. Improved correlation was achieved by incorporating a time shift in the model to account for viscoelastic stress relaxation of the resin. CZEl = coefficient of thermal expan-Ap* = ' m h -1 ment %* = (wN/wvE)EAI = apparent modulus of aluminum substrate

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Thermo‐chemical response of vinyl‐ester resin

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of initiators on the cure kinetics and mechanical properties of vinyl ester resins

Effects of initiators on the cure kinetics and mechanical properties of vinyl ester resins

A micromechanical study of residual stress and its effect on transverse failure in polymer–matrix composites

Experimental investigation of the cure‐dependent response of vinyl ester resin

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