Thermo-elastic induced phase noise in the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft

Gibert, F.; Nofrarias, M.; Karnesis, Nikolaos; Gesa, L.; Martín, Víctor Huertas; Mateos, I.; Lobo, Alberto; Flatscher, R.; Gerardi, Domenico; Burkhardt, Johannes; Gerndt, R.; Robertson, D. I.; Ward, H.; McNamara, P. W.; Guzmán, F.; Hewitson, M.; Diepholz, I.; Reiche, J.; Heinzel, Gerhard; Danzmann, K.

doi:10.1088/0264-9381/32/4/045014

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Table 2 lists the resulting displacement noise amplitudes due to the different noise sources affecting the phase measurement in each interferometer, assuming the typical noise floor values also listed in the table. The temperature noise floor is in line with the requirements achieved at the optical components level in space-based experiments such as LISA Pathfinder [ 23 ], and it is also in line with the performance that can be achieved in experiments performed on the ground in medium-to-high vacuum [ 13 ].…”

Section: Noise Analysis For Future Experiments Using 1 or 2 Opticasupporting

confidence: 56%

Single-Element Dual-Interferometer for Precision Inertial Sensing

Yang

Yamamoto

Huarcaya

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Tracking moving masses in several degrees of freedom with high precision and large dynamic range is a central aspect in many current and future gravitational physics experiments. Laser interferometers have been established as one of the tools of choice for such measurement schemes. Using sinusoidal phase modulation homodyne interferometry allows a drastic reduction of the complexity of the optical setup, a key limitation of multi-channel interferometry. By shifting the complexity of the setup to the signal processing stage, these methods enable devices with a size and weight not feasible using conventional techniques. In this paper we present the design of a novel sensor topology based on deep frequency modulation interferometry: the self-referenced single-element dual-interferometer (SEDI) inertial sensor, which takes simplification one step further by accommodating two interferometers in one optic. Using a combination of computer models and analytical methods we show that an inertial sensor with sub-picometer precision for frequencies above 10 mHz, in a package of a few cubic inches, seems feasible with our approach. Moreover we show that by combining two of these devices it is possible to reach sub-picometer precision down to 2 mHz. In combination with the given compactness, this makes the SEDI sensor a promising approach for applications in high precision inertial sensing for both next-generation space-based gravity missions employing drag-free control, and ground-based experiments employing inertial isolation systems with optical readout.

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Section: Noise Analysis For Future Experiments Using 1 or 2 Opticasupporting

confidence: 56%

Single-Element Dual-Interferometer for Precision Inertial Sensing

Yang

Yamamoto

Huarcaya

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…Temperature fluctuations lead to OPD variations due to changes in the refractive index of the air, and thermo-elastic distortions of the optical elements and mounts. Temperature fluctuations usually limit the sensitivity of an interferometer in the frequency regime below 1 mHz [ 20 , 21 ]. Efforts such as inserting Viton strips and building Styrofoam boxes have been made to mitigate their effects to the operational environment during the experiment.…”

Section: Noise Source Characterization and Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efforts have been made to identify noise sources in heterodyne interferometry [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The inherent periodic error in heterodyne interferometry is mitigated by spatially separating the beams to reduce frequency and polarization mixing [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photoreceivers are characterized in [ 19 ], where the predominant noise sources are identified, and a photodiode with low current noise is designed. The effects of temperature fluctuations in a low frequency regime are analyzed in [ 20 , 21 ]. Other common noise sources in DMI, such as environmental noises and phasemeter noises, are also identified in previous work [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation and Mitigation of Noise Contributions in a Compact Heterodyne Interferometer

Zhang

Hines

Valdes

et al. 2021

Sensors

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We present a noise estimation and subtraction algorithm capable of increasing the sensitivity of heterodyne laser interferometers by one order of magnitude. The heterodyne interferometer is specially designed for dynamic measurements of a test mass in the application of sub-Hz inertial sensing. A noise floor of 3.31×10−11m/Hz at 100 mHz is achieved after applying our noise subtraction algorithm to a benchtop prototype interferometer that showed a noise level of 2.76×10−10m/Hz at 100 mHz when tested in vacuum at levels of 3×10−5 Torr. Based on the previous results, we investigated noise estimation and subtraction techniques of non-linear optical pathlength noise, laser frequency noise, and temperature fluctuations in heterodyne laser interferometers. For each noise source, we identified its contribution and removed it from the measurement by linear fitting or a spectral analysis algorithm. The noise correction algorithm we present in this article can be generally applied to heterodyne laser interferometers.

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“…Moreover, at such time scales -temperature changes that can last for hours-they are ubiquitous to the satellite with a potential to impact different stages and subsystems of the measuring chain, e.g. thermal induced forces (Carbone et al 2007) acting on the Gravitational Reference Sensor (GRS) (Dolesi et al 2003), temperature induced path-length variations (Nofrarias et al , 2013Gibert et al 2015) in the optical metrology subsystem (OMS) (Heinzel et al 2004) and thermal effects in all associated electronics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Temperature stability in the sub-milliHertz band with LISA Pathfinder

Armano

Audley

Baird

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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LISA Pathfinder (LPF) was a technology pioneering mission designed to test key technologies required for gravitational wave detection in space. In the low frequency regime (milli-Hertz and below), where space-based gravitational wave observatories will operate, temperature fluctuations play a crucial role since they can couple into the interferometric measurement and the test masses' free-fall accuracy in many ways. A dedicated temperature measurement subsystem, with noise levels in 10 µK Hz −1/2 down to 1 mHz was part of the diagnostics unit on board LPF. In this paper we report on the temperature measurements throughout mission operations, characterize the thermal environment, estimate transfer functions between different locations and report temperature stability (and its time evolution) at frequencies as low as 10 µHz, where typically values around 1 K Hz −1/2 were measured.

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Thermo-elastic induced phase noise in the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Single-Element Dual-Interferometer for Precision Inertial Sensing

Single-Element Dual-Interferometer for Precision Inertial Sensing

Investigation and Mitigation of Noise Contributions in a Compact Heterodyne Interferometer

Temperature stability in the sub-milliHertz band with LISA Pathfinder

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