Thermo-optic waveguide gate switch arrays based on direct UV-written highly fluorinated low-loss photopolymer

Niu, Xiaoyan; Zheng, Yang; Gu, Yuandong; Chen, Changming; Cai, Zhenzhen; Shi, Zuosen; Wang, Fei; Sun, Xiaoqiang; Cui, Zhanchen; Zhang, Daming

doi:10.1364/ao.53.006698

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As the switching powers of Design II are slightly higher than those of Design I, the response times of Design II are also slightly shorter. The response times of our devices are comparable to those of reported TO polymer-waveguide devices [34], [35].…”

Section: Design IIsupporting

confidence: 85%

Thermo-Optically Controlled Vertical Waveguide Directional Couplers for Mode-Selective Switching

2018

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We propose a three-dimensional waveguide structure for the realization of modeselective switches, where the high-order spatial modes of a few-mode waveguide can be switched to various single-mode waveguides with thermo-optically controlled vertical asymmetrical directional couplers. To demonstrate the idea, we design and fabricate two specific devices with a polymer material for a waveguide that supports three spatial modes. The two devices differ in the application of the thermo-optic effect to deactivate or activate the directional couplers. For one device, the switching powers measured at the wavelength 1550 nm are lower than 20.6 mW and the switching times are shorter than 4.4 ms. The extinction ratios are higher than 15.6 dB across the C-band measured at fixed switching powers. For the other device, the switching powers measured at 1550 nm are lower than 22.6 mW, the switching times are shorter than 2.9 ms, and the extinction ratios are higher than 14.1 dB in the C-band. The performances of the devices are weakly sensitive to the polarization state of light. Our proposed mode-selective switches, which have a scalable configuration and require low power consumption, could be developed into various active mode-controlling devices for applications in reconfigurable mode-division-multiplexing networks.

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Section: Design IIsupporting

confidence: 85%

Thermo-Optically Controlled Vertical Waveguide Directional Couplers for Mode-Selective Switching

2018

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“…245 Very recently, low-loss integrated switch arrays suitable for realizing large-scale photonic integrated circuits were also fabricated with a direct UV-writing technique using fluorinated low-loss photopolymers as the waveguide core. 246 …”

Section: Optical Fibers and Flexible Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorinated Oligomers and Polymers in Photopolymerization

2015

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“…As a consequence, optical signal compensation is the key for development of integrated optical devices and circuits. [17][18][19][20] At present, fluorinated polymers as waveguide materials with relatively low absorption loss in the near-infrared region have been used in optical devices. Using fluorine to replace hydrogen in polymers can theoretically reduce the intrinsic optical loss by about five orders of magnitude because the heavier fluorine atoms shift the vibrational overtone absorption signals to longer wavelengths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorinated photopolymer waveguide thermo-optic switches with loss-compensation function based on erbium-containing cladding structure

Zheng

Chen

Wang

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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In this work, a novel polymer thermo-optic switch with loss compensation function is successfully designed and fabricated by direct UV-writing technology. The waveguide core and cladding layer material of the switch are based on the low-loss fluorinated photopolymer and erbium-containing gain copolymer. The absorption loss characteristics and thermal stabilities of the core and cladding materials are studied. The optimal optical field distribution for loss-compensation structures is analyzed by modifying refractive index difference between the core and cladding. The thermo-optic modulation effect of the optical signal transmission for the device is simulated. The insertion loss of the switch device is about 6 dB. The switching rise and fall time are 396.2 μs and 461.2 μs applied by 500 Hz square-wave voltage, respectively. The switching power is 6.5 mW, the extinction ratio of the switch is about 14 dB. The loss-compensation value of the entire chip is obtained as 1.9 dB at 1530 nm wavelength. The flexible loss-compensation multi-functional waveguide switch is appropriate for incorporation in large-scale opti-electronic integrated circuits.

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Thermo-optic waveguide gate switch arrays based on direct UV-written highly fluorinated low-loss photopolymer

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Thermo-Optically Controlled Vertical Waveguide Directional Couplers for Mode-Selective Switching

Thermo-Optically Controlled Vertical Waveguide Directional Couplers for Mode-Selective Switching

Fluorinated Oligomers and Polymers in Photopolymerization

Fluorinated photopolymer waveguide thermo-optic switches with loss-compensation function based on erbium-containing cladding structure

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