Thermo-Physical Properties of Intermediate Temperature Heat Pipe Fluids

Devarakonda, Angirasa; Anderson, William G.

doi:10.1063/1.1867133

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…14(a), the measured critical heat transfer rate (horizontal placement, g = 0) is compared with the prediction (based on the developed models), with respect to the operating temperature. The predicted result over the range of T = 350-530 K show a parabolic variation, with a peak around T = 435 K. Note that for water as a working fluid, the combination of surface tension r, liquid density q l , viscosity l l , heat of evaporation Dh lg , (rq l Dh lg /l l ) also peaks around 435 K [7]. The predicted result (for the horizontal placement) overestimates the measurement with 5% uncertainty in the heat transfer rate and 1°C in the operating temperature.…”

Section: Comparison With Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Modulated wick heat pipe

Hwang

Kaviany

Anderson

et al. 2007

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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Section: Comparison With Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…To investigate the heat pipe characteristics and optimization, a heat pipe figure of merit is established from the previous figure of merit [7]. The heat pipe figure of merit, Q CHF /R k is defined as the critical heat transfer rate divided by thermal resistance to evaluate overall heat pipe performance.…”

Section: Figure Of Merit and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulated wick heat pipe

Hwang

Kaviany

Anderson

et al. 2007

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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“…There is still no proven working fluid with good environmental and toxicity properties available for use in thermosyphons for the working temperature range 200 • C to 450 • C in heat recovery applications [17][18][19][20]. This is unfortunate since possible applications for heat pipes in this operating range include climate change mitigation technologies and services (CCMTS), such as heat exchangers for waste heat recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of Small-Diameter Wickless Heat Pipes Operating in the Temperature Range 200°C to 450°C

Jouhara

Robinson

2009

Heat Transfer Engineering

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An experimental investigation is reported for medium-temperature, wickless, small-diameter heat pipes charged with environmentally sound and commercially available working fluids. The wickless heat pipes (thermosyphons) studied have many applications in heat recovery systems since their operational temperature range is between 200 • C and 450 • C. The heat pipes investigated had an internal diameter of 6 mm and a length of 209 mm. The lengths of evaporator and condenser sections were 50 mm and 100 mm, respectively. The working fluids tested were diphenyl based: Therminol VP1 and Dowtherm A. High-grade stainless steel was chosen as the shell material for the heat pipes to provide chemical compatibility between heat pipe casing material and working fluids at elevated temperatures. Thermal resistances of less than 0.4 K/W have been achieved at working temperatures of up to 420 • C with an effective thermal conductivity of 20 kW/m-K, which corresponds to an axial heat flux of 2.5 MW/m 2 . Even for such small-diameter heat pipes, the experimental data for the evaporator showed good agreement with Rohsenow's pool boiling correlation.

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“…Halides have been considered as suitable working fluids in heat pipes, in the temperature range from 200 to 400°C [26][27][28][29][30], as well as in Rankine Cycles [28]. Indeed, Titanium tetrachloride would be particularly desirable in the latter application, thanks to its high molar weight and low molecular complexity.…”

Section: Properties Of Ticlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, TiCl 4 has also been proposed for newer high temperature applications such as the thermochemical production of Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) at 1500-2000 K [24] and for chemical vapor deposition applications at 1000-2000 K di [25]. The study of TiCl 4 as a heat pipe fluid is proposed by Davarakonda and Olminsky [26] and the thermo-physical properties of TiCl 4 as a heat pipe fluid are evaluated by NASA [27]. These considerations and studies support the idea of adopting TiCl 4 in high temperature RCs (see also Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium tetrachloride as novel working fluid for high temperature Rankine Cycles: Thermodynamic analysis and experimental assessment of the thermal stability

Invernizzi

Iora

Bonalumi

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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h i g h l i g h t sTitanium tetrachloride is proposed as new fluid in high temperature Rankine cycles. We show experimentally that it is remarkably stable at temperatures up to 500°C. Resulting plant efficiencies of 35-40% are higher than state-of-the-art ORCs. Its high reactivity with water poses some concerns in the design of a power plant. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tIn this paper, Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ) is analyzed/assessed and proposed as a new potential working fluid in Rankine Cycles. Besides its good thermodynamic properties, TiCl 4 is in fact a fairly low cost, non-carcinogenic fluid, with zero Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP) and it is currently employed in high temperature industrial processes. It is however very reactive with humid air and water. A preliminary thermodynamic analysis confirms its possible application in power plants with maximum temperature up to 500°C, considerably higher than the ORC state-of-the-art technology, performing electrical efficiencies as high as 35-40%. This suggests the potential use of TiCl 4 as an alternative fluid in ORCs allowing the exploitation of high temperature sources (up to 500°C), typically used in steam cycles. To assess the possibility of operating the cycle in such high temperature conditions, we carried out an experimental thermal stress analysis, showing that the fluid is remarkably stable at temperatures up to 500°C, even in presence of P91 and Cupronickel, two materials typically employed in the high temperature section of power cycles.

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Thermo-Physical Properties of Intermediate Temperature Heat Pipe Fluids

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Modulated wick heat pipe

Modulated wick heat pipe

An Experimental Study of Small-Diameter Wickless Heat Pipes Operating in the Temperature Range 200°C to 450°C

Titanium tetrachloride as novel working fluid for high temperature Rankine Cycles: Thermodynamic analysis and experimental assessment of the thermal stability

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