Thermoanalytical and histological study of intra-articular papain-induced degradation and repair of rabbit cartilage. I. Immature animals.

A Review of Current Animal Models of Osteoarthritis Pain

“…Over the years, a variety of substances such as acids; alkalis; cytotoxic drugs; and enzymes such as papain, trypsin, hyaluronidase and collagenase have been introduced into the joints of small animals to induce OA-like lesions [59,[94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106]. These substances target the chondrocytes themselves, the cartilage matrix, or other structures within the joint.…”

Papain-induced changes in the knee joints of adult rabbits

“…He felt that this could explain the development of clusters in osteoarthritis. Farkas et al (1974), on the other hand, found chondrocyte clusters with mitotic figures in the haematoxylin-eosin sections.…”

“…It has been shown (Bentley 1971, Farkas et al 1974) that degenerative and reparative changes resembling those in human osteoarthritis can be produced by intra-articular injection of papain. In the present investigation, the injection of concentrated papain caused rapidly progressing necrosis of the joint cartilage within 2 days, and after 4 weeks the noncalcified cartilage, and sometimes also the calcified layer, were so severely damaged that only occasional apparently viable chondrocytes were demonstrable.…”

“…Papain is a proteolytic enzyme, and when given intravenously or intra-articularly in rabbits, it causes joint changes similar to those seen in human osteoarthritis (Murray 1964, Bentley 1971, Farkas et al 1974).…”

Characterization of Live and Experimentally Degenerated Hyaline Cartilage with Thermal Analysis

“…Thermal analysis was successfully used in their investigations for the quantitative determination of polysaccharides, for the characterization of protein structure, and for the estimation of agerelated [Simon et al, 1969] and pathological [Biró & Bihari-Varga, 1972] changes in proteoglycan-and collagen-containing biological tissues. The study was extended to investigate the effect of drugs on the osteoarthritic tissue [Farkas et al, 1974]. More recently, thermal stability and structure of cancellous bone mineral from the femoral head of patients with OA or osteoporosis (OP) was investigated by Mkukuma et al [Mkukuma et al 2005].…”